Plant Reproduction

Click to Enter
Clic kBio lo g y
 INSTRUCTIONS
• Ensure that you complete all activities and worksheets when instructed to do so.
The pad icon will indicate when you should fill in your worksheet.

• Work your way through the presentation by clicking on the background to move
to the next page or to activate an animation. The mouse icon will indicate that a
click will activate an animation or require buttons to be pressed in the quizzes.

• You can navigate around the presentation by using the arrow links that appear
when you place your cursor on the lower left hand part of the screen.

• Some slides have embedded movies which will start when you click on the
image. The video camera symbol tells you when a movie is available. There is
sound so you may want to wear headphones if people are working near you.
Clic kBio lo g y
• You can return to the home page by clicking on the clickbiology icon.

• At the end of the module there is a test that will provide a results page which you
will print off and hand in to your teacher.

• The speaker symbol means that there are some audio explanation available for
the slide

Clic kBio lo g y
 Plant Reproduction Home Page

1 4

Flower structure Seed dispersal

2 5

Pollination Germination

3 6

Fruit development Test

Clic kBio lo g y
Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Use the diagram below to complete the labels on
the flower structure worksheet

stigma
anther
stamen style carpel
filament ovary
ovule

petal

sepal
receptacle
peduncle

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
 Complete the functions table by clicking on the
labels to discover their functions

stigma
anther
stamen style carpel
filament ovary
ovule

petal

sepal
receptacle
peduncle

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Flower Structure Quiz
Click the correct answer
• What is the name of the structure labelled X in the
diagram?

carpel

sepal
X
stamen

peduncle
Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Flower Structure Quiz

• Where is pollen made?

stigma

sepal

anther

ovary

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Flower Structure Quiz

• Where is the ovule found in a flower?

petals

style

nectary

ovary

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Flower Structure Quiz
• Which parts of the flower are labelled below:

X
X = style, Y = stigma

X = filament, Y = anther

Y
X = stigma, Y = style

X = anther, Y = filament

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Pollination

The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete)

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther
to the stigma Click to view the animation

• This is an example of cross-pollination as the pollen travels from one flower

to a different flower. This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation.

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Pollen can be carried between flowers by animals
or by wind
• Use the information in the next two slides to
complete the table comparing the adaptations of
wind and insect pollinated flowers.

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract
insects to them to enable transfer of pollen
Pollen has
barbs for
nectar and a hooking onto
scent present insect fur

Anthers positioned
to rub pollen onto
insects

Sticky stigma
to collect pollen Brightly
coloured petals

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure
because they do not have to attract insects to
them but do need to be exposed to the wind.

Pollen grains are very Anthers are exposed to the

small and light. They wind so that pollen can
occur in very large easily be blown away
numbers

Stigma are
feathery to catch
pollen carried on
wind

Petals are small and

green as there is no
No scent or nectary
need to attract
insects
Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the
anther onto the stigma of the same flower

• Click to show
animation of self-
pollination

• Self-pollination is
not desirable as it
reduces variation

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either
having stigma above stamen or…

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
…by having stamen and stigma mature at different
times.

• Complete the sections in your worksheet describing self-pollination and cross-

pollination. Explain the mechanisms employed by plants to prevent self-pollination.

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
• Watch this video on plant pollination

Clic kBio lo g y
 Pollination Quiz
Click the correct answer

• Pollination is the transfer from….?

the stigma to anther

style to stamen

ovule to filament

anther to stigma

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
 Pollination Quiz

• The two mechanisms for pollination are?

Wind and water

Animal and wind

Animal and water

Wind and birds

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Pollination Quiz

• Cross-pollination…

Increases variation

Decreases variation

Is only performed by insects

Is only performed by wind

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Pollination Quiz

• Flowers are adapted for wind-pollination by…

Having bright petals and a scent

Having a nectary

Having feathery stigmas

Having sticky stigmas

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
 Fertilization and Fruit Development

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
 Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the
pollen grain down through the style to the ovule

stigma

style

carpel

ovary
Click to view the
ovule animation

Note: Petals not shown in

order to simplify diagram

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
Fertilization occurs when the male gamete
fuses with the ovule (the female gamete)

Click to view the Complete the

animation fertilization
section of the
worksheet

(you will need to

refer to your text
book)

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
 Seed Dispersal

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
After fertilization the petals, stamen and sepals fall off.
The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilized egg inside
develops into an embryo plant.

Cotyledon:
Testa: Food store
tough seed coat

Plumule:
Micropyle: Embryo shoot
Hole made by Embryo
pollen tube plant
Radicle:
Embryo root

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes
dormant because metabolic reactions stop.
The ovary develops to become a fruit.

Fleshy wall
seed of the ovary
(yes, you are
eating an
adapted ovary
when you
crunch into an
apple!

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent
plant in order to reduce competition for space,
light, nutrients and water.
• Seeds can be dispersed by:

• Wind
• Water
• Mechanical
• Animals

Fill in the worksheet on the reasons and mechanisms

for seed dispersal
Clic kBio lo g y
 Seed dispersal quiz
Click the correct answer
• Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture

water

mechanical

wind

animal
Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Seed dispersal quiz
Click the correct answer
• Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture

mechanical

animal

water

wind
Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Seed dispersal quiz
Click the correct answer
• Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture

water

wind

animal

mechanical

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Seed dispersal quiz
Click the correct answer
• Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture

animal

mechanical

water

wind
Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
 Germination

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
 The seed contains the embryo plant and
cotyledons (starch stores)
Testa Water enters the seed
through the micropyle
and activates enzymes.
Plumule
(embryo shoot)

The water also softens

the testa to allow it to
split.
Radicle
(embryo root) Label the diagram
of the seed

Micropyle Cotyledon

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
 Enzymes are used in seed germination
Plumule

The enzymes break

starch down into
starch maltose and then
glucose. The glucose
is used in respiration
amylase
to provide energy for
secreted
embryo plant ab
growth
s orb
ed maltose

Radicle
This is the first part
to grow out of the
seed as it needs to
absorb more water
Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
 Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in
the cotyledon to provide energy for growth

light The seedling can now

photosynthesise and
make its own food

germination

Plant growth and development

soil
Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed:
Answer the Click to
Seed loses weight as it uses listen to an
question on the
up starch stores in the explanation
worksheet
cotyledons as the seedling
cannot photosynthesise yet

Dry mass/g
Weight increases as
the seedling can
photosynthesise and
Dry mass is the plant grows
mass of solid
matter with all
water removed

Days

Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
 Conditions required for germination
Summarise the findings of the experiment shown below:
Click to
listen to an Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen)
No light
explanation

Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen

present present present present

No
oxygen

moist dry moist moist moist

4oC Warm Warm Warm Warm

A B C D E
Clic kBio lo g y
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination
 END

www.clickbiology.com

Clic kBio lo g y