Reproductive System

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_eNmc_gHyE

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Reproductive System

• Reproductive system functions in gamete

• Production
• Storage
• Nourishment
• Transport
• Fertilization
• Fusion of male and female gametes to form a
zygote
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kGN2dcj
NUY
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Male Reproductive System

• Pathway of spermatozoa
• Epididymis
• Ductus deferens (Vas deferens)
• Ejaculatory duct
• Accessory organs
• Seminal vesicles
• Prostate gland
• Bulbourethral glands
• Scrotal sac encloses testes
• Penis
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The Male Reproductive System - Know

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 28.1
Figure 28.3 The Male Reproductive System in
Anterior View - illustration

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Figure 28.4 The Structure of the Testes -
illustration

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlkq
Ym_LxgU
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Spermatogenesis - know

Seminiferous tubules
• Contain spermatogonia
• Stem cells involved in spermatogenesis
• Contain sustentacular cells
• Sustain and promote development of sperm

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The Seminiferous Tubules - illustration

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Figure 28.5 The Seminiferous Tubules -
understand

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Figure 28.8 Spermiogenesis and Spermatozoon
Structure - illustration

http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=XaZ0Q7DR3DE

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 Male reproductive tract - know
• Testes produce mature spermatozoa
• Sperm enter epididymis
• Elongated tubule with head, body and tail
regions
• Monitors and adjusts fluid in seminiferous
tubules
• Stores and protects spermatozoa
• Facilitates functional maturation of
spermatozoa

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Figure 28.9 The epididymis - illustration

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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Reproductive Disease Diary
• Reproductive System Disease or Disorder
• Give Reference
• Show graphic, illustration, photo, etc.
• Describe disease/disorder
• How is it diagnosed?
• How is it treated?
• How it would affect your life if you had it?

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Accessory glands - know

• Seminal vesicles
• Active secretory gland
• Contributes ~60% total volume of semen
• Secretions contain fructose, prostaglandins,
fibrinogen

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Accessory glands - know

• Prostate gland
• Secretes slightly acidic prostate fluid
• Bulbourethral glands
• Secrete alkaline mucus with lubricating
properties

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Figure 28.10 The Ductus Deferens and
Accessory Glands - illustration

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Contents of Semen - know

• Typical ejaculate = 2-5 ml fluid

• Contains between 20 – 100 million
spermatozoa per ml
• Seminal fluid
• A distinct ionic and nutritive glandular
secretion

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Figure 28.11 The Penis - illustration

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Hormones and male reproductive function -
know
• FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)
• Targets sustentacular cells to promote
spermatogenesis
• LH (leutinizing hormone)
• Causes secretion of testosterone and other
androgens
• GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone)
• Testosterone
• Most important androgen

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Sex Hormone Review: Males - know

LH Testosterone
FSH Spermatogenesis

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Hormonal Feedback and the Regulation of the
Male Reproductive Function - illustration

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 SECTION 28-3
The Reproductive System of the Female

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Principle organs of the female reproductive
system - know

• Ovaries
• Uterine tubes
• Uterus
• Vagina

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The Female Reproductive System - Know

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The Ovaries and Their Relationships to the
Uterine Tube and Uterus - know

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Oogenesis - know

• Ovum production
• Occurs monthly in ovarian follicles
• Part of ovarian cycle
• Follicular phase (preovulatory)
• Luteal phase (postovulatory)

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Oogenesis - know

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The Ovarian Cycle - illustration

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The Ovarian Cycle - understand

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The Uterine Tubes - illustration

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The uterus - know

• Muscular organ
• Mechanical protection
• Nutritional support
• Waste removal for the developing embryo and
fetus
• Supported by the broad ligament and 3 pairs of
suspensory ligaments

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Uterine wall consists of three layers - know

• Myometrium – outer muscular layer

• Endometrium – a thin, inner, glandular mucosa
• Perimetrium – an incomplete serosa continuous
with the peritoneum

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The Uterus - illustration

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The Uterus - understand

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The Uterine Wall - illustration

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The Uterine Wall - illustration

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Uterine cycle - know
• Repeating series of changes in the endometrium
• Continues from menarche to menopause
• Menses (menstrual cycle)
• Degeneration of the endometrium
• Menstruation
• Proliferative phase
• Restoration of the endometrium
• Secretory phase
• Endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate
their rates of secretion
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The Uterine Cycle - illustration

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External genitalia - know

• Vulva
• Vestibule
• Labia minora and majora
• Paraurethral glands
• Clitoris
• Lesser and greater vestibular glands

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The Female External Genitalia - Know

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The Mammary Glands - illustration

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Hormones of the female reproductive cycle -
know

• Control the reproductive cycle

• Coordinate the ovarian and uterine cycles

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Hormones of the female reproductive cycle -
know
• Key hormones include:
• FSH
• Stimulates follicular development
• LH
• Maintains structure and secretory function of
corpus luteum
• Estrogens
• Have multiple functions
• Progesterones
• Stimulate endometrial growth and secretion
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The Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian Activity -
illustration

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The Hormonal Regulation of the Female
Reproductive Cycle - know

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Hormonal Regulation of the Female
Reproductive Cycle - know

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings