Industrial Materials &

Processes
 Industrial materials
are substances employed in industrial
processes for the creation of goods and
artifacts. Materials may be classified in different
ways: nature of constituents, usage, etc. ... That
is, for some metals, mechanical, chemical,
electrical, etc., properties can be modified by
adding alloys.
 Materials processing is defined as the series of
steps or “unit operations” used in the
manufacture of raw-materials into finished
goods. The operations involve a succession of
industrial processes with various mechanical or
chemical procedures, usually produced in large
quantities or batches.
Processed materials are materials which have been
refined or built by humans from raw materials.
Some examples include paper, steel and glass.
 Different types of materials

Materials can be classified into four main groups: 

 metals 
 Polymers
  ceramics
 composites.
 Metal
 A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine,
quarry, metal") is a material that, when freshly
prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous
appearance, and conducts electricity and heat
relatively well. Metals are typically malleable
(they can be hammered into thin sheets) or
ductile (can be drawn into wires).
 Polymers
 A polymer (/ˈpɒlɪmər/; Greek poly-, "many" + -mer,
"part") is a substance or material consisting of very
large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of
many repeating subunits. Due to their broad spectrum
of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play
essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life.
 Ceramics
 A ceramic is an inorganic non-metallic solid made
up of either metal or non-metal compounds that have
been shaped and then hardened by heating to high
temperatures. In general, they are hard, corrosion-
resistant and brittle.
 Composite
 A composite material is a combination of two materials with
different physical and chemical properties. When they are
combined they create a material which is specialised to do a
certain job, for instance to become stronger, lighter or resistant
to electricity. They can also improve strength and stiffness.
 Raw Material
 are materials that have not been processed.
They are in the form in which they are
found in nature without any thing done to
them. Raw materials are made into other
things.

Things that are not raw materials because they have

Raw materials usually come from: been processed
 A plant or tree  Bread and pasta
 An animal  Toothpaste and soap
 A mine  Sausages
Examples of raw materials:  Furniture such as chairs and tables
 Grains such as wheat and rice  Machines such as cars
 Vegetables such as carrots and onions  Jewelry
 Meat such as beef and chicken  Clothing and shoes
 Wood from a tree  Gasoline
 Honey from a bee's nest  Oil that goes in cars
 Minerals or metal from a mine
 Crude oil
 Industrial Processes
 Industrial processes are procedures involving
chemical, physical, electrical or mechanical steps
to aid in the manufacturing of an item or items,
usually carried out on a very large
scale. Industrial processes are the key
components of heavy industry.
 Chemical processes
 Smelting – extracting metals from ores
 Haber process – chemically binding gaseous
nitrogen from the atmosphere to make ammonia
 Disinfection – chemical treatment to kill bacteria
and viruses
 Pyroprocessing – using heat to chemically
combine materials, such as in cement.
 Types of Manufacturing Processes
 Casting and molding
 Machining
 Joining
 Shearing and forming.
 Casting and molding

 Casting is a manufacturing process in which a

liquid material is usually poured into a mold,
which contains a hollow cavity of the desired
shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified
part is also known as a casting, which is ejected
or broken out of the mold to complete
the process.
 Machining
 Machining is any process in which a cutting tool
is used to remove small chips of material from
the workpiece (the workpiece is often called the
"work"). ... The shape of the tool and its
penetration into the work surface, combined with
these motions, produce the desired shape of the
resulting work surface.
 Joining
 Joining includes welding, brazing, soldering,
adhesive bonding of materials. They produce
permanent joint between the parts to be
assembled. They cannot be separated easily by
application of forces. ... In some
welding processes a filler material is added to
facilitate coalescence.
 Shearing and Forming
 Shearing, also known as die cutting, is a process
which cuts stock without the formation of chips or the
use of burning or melting. Strictly speaking, if the
cutting blades are straight the process is called shearing;
if the cutting blades are curved then they are shearing-
type operations. The most commonly sheared materials
are in the form of sheet metal or plates, however rods
can also be sheared. Shearing-type operations include: 
blanking, piercing, roll slitting, and trimming. It is used
in metalworking and also with paper and plastics.
Shearing metal process
Thank You!