Project Phase-1 Presentation

BASE ISOLATION

Presented by Supervisor
RAHUL RANJAN DR. AMARDEEP DAHIYA
PRASAD (Assistant Professor)
(MT19CIV001)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
UTTARAKHAND –246174 (INDIA)
September 2020 1
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKE
 INTRODUCTION TO BASE ISOLATION
 CONCEPT
 SCOPE
 APPLICATIONS
 OBJECTIVES
 WORK PLAN
 METHODOLOGY
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKE

Fig.1 Flow of magma Fig.2 Plate tectonics

Fig.3 Divergent boundary makeagif.com 3

INTRODUCTION TO BASE ISOLATION
CONCEPT OF BASE ISOLATION

• The term isolation refers to reduced interaction between

building and the ground.

• Since the seismic isolation system is located under the

building, it is referred as base isolation.

• Base isolator protects the structure from earthquake forces in

two ways:
1. By deflecting the seismic energy.
2. By absorbing the seismic energy.

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Fig.4 Isolated and non-isolated structures 5
 Contd.
SCOPE OF BASE ISOLATION
This topic covers the design of base isolator for protecting of the building i.e. located
below the main mass of building, is to reduce the seismic response of the lateral force
resisting system.
The reduction of the seismic response of the lateral force resisting system
may be obtained by:
1. Increasing the fundamental period.
2. Increasing the damping.

APPLICATIONS
• Base isolation of important buildings.
• Base isolation of bridges.
• Base isolation of nuclear power plants.
• Enhancing safety of historic structures

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 OBJECTIVES
• To explore the various experiments and studies that have been
conducted on various base isolation systems.
• To study the difference in dynamic behaviour of fixed base
and isolated base buildings.
• To compare the properties of different types of isolator in
order to suggest suitable isolator for required condition.
• To understand the advantages of base isolation.

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 WORK PLAN
Timeline(Month)
September October November December
Defining
objectives
Literature
review
Analysis of
Name of work structures based
on parameters
provided in
literature
Simulation of
structure in
opensees based
on ASCE code
Studying result
of simulation to
achieve
objectives
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 METHODOLOGY
Defining objectives

Selection of literature according to objectives

Studying various parameters from literature

Analysis of different types of isolated

based building Analysis of fixed base buildings

Simulation of both type of building using opensees

Obtaining the satisfactory result to achieve objectives

 LITERATURE REVIEW

DESIGN OF ISOLATOR
(CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF
STRUCTURES PART 6 BASE ISOLATED BUILDINGS)
• VERTICAL LOAD
Maximum vertical load= 1.2DL + 1.0LL +│EQ│max
Minimum vertical load = 0.8DL - │EQ│min
• DETERMINATION OF FORCE DISPLACEMENT
CHARATERISTICS

1.

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 Contd.
2.

• DESIGN PROPERTIES OF ISOLATION SYSTEM

1.

2.

3.

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 Contd.

• Study on a Base Isolation System.(Patel NiravG.,2014)

A base isolation system must satisfy four basic criteria of

effectiveness:
1. It should lower horizontal acceleration response of the building
under given seismic load.
2. A predominantly translational behavior of the building.
3. No amplification of the vertical motion with respect to the ground
motion.
4. A satisfactory accommodation to the large displacement that can
take place.

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 Contd.
• Development and experimental behavior of HDR seismic
isolators for low rise residential buildings.(Ingrid. Madera
Sierra,2019)

The test was carried out considering three protocols :

Protocol 1 (P1): composed by three parts with a period of 2.5 s. Part 1
consisted of three full cycles of loading at each increment of displacement
(0.25Dm, 0.50Dm, 0.67Dm, 1.00Dm); in part 2 three full cycles of loading at
the maximum displacement (1.00Dm) were applied; and in part 3 ten
continuous fully reversed cycles of loading at 0.75 times the total maximum
displacement (0.75Dm) .
Protocol 2 (P2): conformed by the first part of the Protocol 1 and three fully
reversed cycles more (1.30Dm, 1.65Dm, 2.00Dm). (Td= 2.5 s) was used.
Protocol 3 (P3): equal to Protocol 2 but with a period of 1.2 s

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 Contd.
Table1 Type of isolators for experiment
Type Sample Reinforcement Connection Protocols

1 a Steel plates Bolted P1,P2,P3

2 a Nylon fibres Bolted P1,P2

3 a Carbon fibres Bolted P1,P2

b P1

4 - Nylon fibre Unbolted P1,P2,P3

5 - Carbon fibre Unbolted P1,P2

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 Contd.
Result
Table 2 Isolator properties for horizontal stiffness
Type Sample Ƴs=100% Ƴs=150% Ƴs=200% Ƴs=250%
K(N/m β(%) K(N/m β(%) K(N/m β(%) K(N/m β(%)
m) m) m) m)

1 a 260.4 8.1 244.4 6.9 246.9 7.9 271.0 8.9

b 257.5 8.2 243.9 7.1 242.9 8.9 275.6 8.7
2 a 215.0 13.7 184.8 10.8 175.2 10.2 - -
b 205.8 11.1 195.1 8.6 196.4 8.1 213.8 8.4
3 a 302.0 11.0 294.6 10.4 - - - -
4 - 220.5 12.6 183.4 11.9 164.6 11.8 165.6 11.7
5 - 197.8 12.4 166.1 11.8 148.2 12.9 134.1 14.3

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 Contd.

Dynamic behavior of a building structure tested with base and mid-

Storey isolation systems.(Shiang-Jung Wang,2012)

a b c

Fig.5 Position of isolator in different specimen 16

 Contd.
TABLE 3 TEST SUBJECTED TO 921TCU047,IELC270 AND KJM000 WITH MAXIMUM PGA
Input excitation 300% 921TCU047 200% I-ELC270 100% KJM000
Test specimen A B C A B C A B C
Modal natural period(s)
1st mode 0.71 0.82 0.90 0.66 0.75 0.87 0.84 0.85 0.95
2nd mode 0.11 0.11 0.22 0.11 0.11 0.22 0.11 0.11 0.22
3rd mode - 0.09 0.13 - 0.09 0.14 - 0.09 0.10
4th mode - - 0.04 - - 0.05 - - 0.05
Modal damping ratio(%)
1st mode 17.92 16.7 13.74 19.13 16.07 14.57 18.2 17.38 11.55
2nd mode 2.54 2.24 8.07 2.05 1.85 8.48 0.40 1.70 5.39
3rd mode - 7.00 3.33 - 6.22 1.21 - 5.30 1.48
4th mode - - 3.40 - - 3.22 - - 2.34
Modal patci. Mass ratio(%)
1st mode 99.88 77.16 67.63 99.75 76.47 67.91 99.84 76.19 66.42
2nd mode 0.01 2.41 14.96 0.11 1.39 13.98 0.16 3.90 17.48
3rd mode - 19.51 2.73 - 15.94 0.09 - 15.67 3.94
4th mode - - 8.52 - - 7.96 - - 17 3.94
 Contd.
RESULTS
• A mid storey isolated building has smaller fundamental modal
quantities, damping ratio and participation mass ratio.
• For mid storey isolation, higher modes are also considered.
• In mid storey isolation, the substructure acts as a soft storey.

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 Contd.
Utilizing base-isolation systems to increase earthquake resiliency
of healthcare and school buildings.(Sarah Morettia,2014)

Fig.6 2-D Frame of building

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 Contd.

Fig.7 Uniform hazard spectra with the median pseudo-acceleration response spectra
at five considered hazard levels 20
 Contd.

• ER

Fig.8 Repair cost of healthcare and school

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Fig.9 Loss ratio of healthcare and school
 REFERENCES
• Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures part 6 base isolated
buildings
• Patel, Nirav G.(2014) “Study on a Base Isolation System.” International
Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology 1.8 (2014): 2348-7968
• Ingrid. Madera Sierra, Daniele Losanno, Salvatore Strano, Peter Thomson
“Development and experimental behavior of HDR seismic isolators for low
rise residential buildings.” Engineering Structures 183 (2019) 894-906
• Shiang-Jung Wang, Kuo-Chun Chang, Jenn-Shin Hwang, Jia-Yi Hsiao, Bo-Han
Lee, Ying-Chen Hung “Dynamic behavior of a building structure tested with
base and mid-story isolation systems.” Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 420–
433
• Sarah Morettia, Alba Trozzoa Vesna Terzicb, Gian Paolo Cimellaroa, Stephen
Mahinb “Utilizing base-isolation systems to increase earthquake resiliency of
healthcare and school buildings.” Procedia Economics and Finance 18 ( 2014 )
969 – 976

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