Freeze Drying

Majadas, Catherine
 PRESERVATIO
N CONVECTION DRYING

METHODS FREEZE DRYING

Food Preservation refers to the methods by which food is

kept from spoilage after harvest or slaughter. SPRAY DRYING

Food Drying Methods DEHYDRATION

Food drying is one of the oldest methods of preserving food. It
reduces the moisture in foods making them lightweight and
convenient to store, it can easily be used in place of other food
preservation techniques. In fact, one can even use drying along with
SUN DRYING
other food preservation techniques such as freezing or canning,
which would make the process of food preservation even better.
SOLAR DRYING
 FREEZE DRYING
Freeze-drying or lyophilization is an astonishing process to store food. Freeze-drying is a
special form of drying that eliminates all moisture and tends to have less of an effect on a
food’s flavor than normal dehydration makes. Freeze drying is a water elimination process
typically done to store perishable materials, to extend shelf life.
Basic Principles of Freeze Drying
Three Basic Methods
of Freeze Drying at 01 Freezing Phase
Home Freeze drying is easiest to accomplish using large ice crystals, which can be
produced by slow freezing or annealing. However, when crystals are too large
they may break the cell walls, and that leads to less-than-ideal freeze drying
Freezer results. To prevent this, the freezing is done rapidly.
Method
02 Primary Drying (Sublimation) Phase
The pressure is lowered and heat is added to the material in order for the water
to sublimate. The vacuum speeds sublimation. The cold condenser provides a
Dry Ice
Method surface for the water vapor to adhere and solidify.
03 Secondary Drying (Adsorption) Phase
The temperature is raised higher than in the primary drying phase so that the
Vacuum bonds are broken between the material and the water molecules. Freeze dried
Chamber
materials retain a porous structure. After the freeze drying process is complete,
Method
the vacuum can be broken with an inert gas before the material is sealed.
Food Processing Industries Advantages Disadvantages

01 Manifold Dryer o Convenient o Freeze dryers are expensive

02 Shelf Freeze Dryer o Retains food nutrition
03 Combination Lab Freeze Dryer o Freeze-dried foods are close
04 Bench-Top Freeze Dryer to its fresh form
05 Pilot Freeze Dryer o Any size and shape can be
06 Production Freeze Dryer freeze-dried
o Extends the shelf-life of foods
o Freeze-dried foods are
lightweight
o Freeze dryers runs for a
long time to freeze-dry
foods
o Freeze dryers take up too
much space
o Freeze dryers are noisy
when in used

Choice of Food

o Fruits & Vegetables

Freshest fruit and vegetables that you can get usually
works best. Not because it won’t work, but because it
will taste better.
o Meat & Meals
Meat and meals should both be cooked thoroughly and
cooled before you freeze-dry them.
Foods to Avoid Effects of Freeze Drying on Product Quality
Anything that is yeast-based baked Freeze-dried foods lose water but few
goods will probably not work very well. nutrients, while retaining most of their
That is because the freshness of things flavor. The biggest losses in nutrients
like bread, cakes, cookies, etc. require through freeze-drying occur in vitamins C,
to be a certain consistency. A and E. However, the vitamin losses are
mild to moderate. Fiber remains intact, as
Applications do anti-oxidants and phytochemicals,
which are chemical compounds that may
o Food Processing provide protective health benefits.
Vegetables, meat and fish for instant
meals and soups. Fruits for  breakfast
cereals, juices. Fruit and vegetables for
flavourings. Coffee.
o Dairy Industry
High value proteins such as Lactoferrin
for baby foods. Other proteins and
enzymes for probiotics and starters.
o Starters and Cultures
For use in cheeses, yogurts, meats and
probiotics.
REFERENCES
https://www.millrocktech.com/lyosight/lyobrary/what-is-freeze-drying/
https://greenhouseemporium.com/blogs/greenhouse-gardening/is-freez
e-drying-the-best-food-preservation-method/
https://www.cuddonfreezedry.com/freeze-drying-food/
https://www.spscientific.com/freeze-drying-lyophilization-basics/
https://prepperswill.com/freeze-drying-food-at-home/
https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/freez
e-drying2.htm
https://oureverydaylife.com/534805-does-freeze-drying-affect-nutrition.
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