BASIC

CHEMISTRY
A REVIEW
• MATTER

• MASS

• WEIGHT
 ELEMENT
• The simplest type of matter with unique
chemical properties.
 ELEMENT SYMBOL PERCENTAGE IN THE
HUMAN BODY

HYDROGEN H 9.5

CARBON C 18.5

NITROGEN N 3.3

OXYGEN O 65.0

SODIUM Na 0.2

PHOSPORUS P 1.0
 ELEMENT SYMBOL PERCENTAGE IN THE
HUMAN BODY

SULFUR S 0.3

CHLORINE Cl 0.2

POTASSIUM K 0.4

CALCIUM Ca 1.5

IRON Fe Trace

IODINE I Trace
 ATOM
• Smallest particle of an element that has the
chemical characteristics of that element.
• Composed of subatomic particles that are
classified as:
• Neutrons
• Protons
• Electrons
• ATOMIC NUMBER
• Equal to the number of protons in each atom.

• MASS NUMBER
• Equal to the number of protons plus the
number of neutrons in each atom.
CHEMICAL BONDING
• Occurs when the outermost electrons are
transferred or shared between atoms.
• Classified into 2:

• IONIC BONDING
• Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other.

• COVALENT BONDING
• Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, forming molecules.
 COMPOUND
• A substance composed of two or more
different types of atoms that that are
chemically combined.
 DISSOCIATION
• Separation of ions resulting in the dissolving of
compounds.
 CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
• Occurs when atoms, ions, molecules or
compounds interact to form or break chemical
bonds.
• Substances that enter a chemical reaction are
called REACTANTS.
• Substances that result from the chemical
reaction are called PRODUCTS.
 CLASSIFICATION of
CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
• SYNTHESIS REACTIONS
– When two or more reactants combine to form a
larger, more complex product.

A + B = AB
 CLASSIFICATION of
CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
• DECOMPOSITION REACTION
– Reactants are broken down into smaller, less
complex products.

AB  A + B
 CLASSIFICATION of
CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
• REVERSIBLE REACTIONS
• A chemical reaction in which the reaction can
proceed from reactants to products and from
products to reactants.
The
End