Semester-III, BBA (LM, RM, AM, FSM), 2014-17

WASTE MANAGEMENT

Prof. Biranchi Prasad Panda

CoMES, UPES, Dehradun.
 WAASTE MGT.

• Introduction
• Reasons of waste accumulation
• Identification of waste
• Control of waste
• Disposal of waste
 Industrial Waste & Scrap
• Spoiled raw materials
• Rejected components
• Defective parts
• Process waste

Types of wastes:
– Obsolete items
• Materials/equipments not damaged, no-more useful
• Obsolescence due to change in product-line/process/materials
– Surplus items
• Not in immediate use
• Accumulation due to wrong planning/forecasting/purchasing
• Have a future usage value
– Scrap
• A kind of process waste like – turnings, borings, sprues, flashes
• They may have an end-use value due to recyclability, so need to be disposed
off periodically.
 Reasons of Waste Accumulation
• Changes in product design
– Products that cannot be modified become invalid/surplus/obsolete

• Rationalization (of materials/products/process) to minimize variety and simplify the methods

– Some items go surplus/obsolete (instead, rationalize the supply-size)

• Cannibalization
– Using some parts of an identical machine (no more in use), as spares for other machines which does not run
efficiently
– This results with creation of obsolete and scrap items

• Faulty planning and forecasting

– Forecasting the demand on higher side often goes unsold
– Planning for excess materials/products goes surplus/obsolete

• Faulty purchase practices

– Sub-optimal (bulk) buying decision for price discount, transport economy etc. resulting often in low self-life, need
of extra storage space, need of technological changes etc.

• Other causes
– Insurable spares, held for long, without consumption
– Spoilage due to improper storage, material handling, quality, poor mfg. method
– Poor maintenance results with more wear-and-tear of tools/machine and process scrap
 Identification of Waste
• Verifying the stock record with movement analysis
– List non-moving items (for one yr.) are isolated
– List similar items for 2yrs., 3yrs., 5yrs. and above
• Prepare separate lists for insurance spares and
imported spares
• List the waste due to change in product/process
• Classification and codification of scraps
 Control of Waste
• Listing of non-moving items
– Money and time notes for the non-moving items
– Indicate the non-moving insurance spares and imported spares in
separate lists
• Put up the lists to top management for disposal
• Closely coordinate with materials managers while deciding the
changes in product/process design as EPAs (Effective Point Advice)
• Use of controlling techniques such as ABC analysis, accurate
forecasting, proper preservation
• Use of specialized lines of storage for perishable items
• Optimal utilization of scrap
• Have a scrap salvaging department
• Informing the scrap volume to the generating departments
• Organisationwide consciousness prevents scrap/wastes
 Disposal of Waste
• Results in handsome returns
• Disposal department/system is effective if,
– Better materials reporting
– Continuous market survey on price of matrls./scrap
– Constant touch with the industries who generate and end-use a particular
type of scrap
– Cost of scrap is lower than the least-cost-element
– Auctions/tenders are called for disposal
– Parties inspect and deposit the earnest money in the scrap yard
– Long-term contracts are often executed with regular end-users