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Lec. 18. Basics of Orthodontic Force System
Lec. 18. Basics of Orthodontic Force System
System
Force
• A load applied to an object that will move of tend to move it to a
different position in space
• Force has Magnitude and Direction (Vector)
• F = m x a (mass × the acceleration of gravity)
• Units: Newton (N)
• Usually measured clinically in weight units of grams or ounces
• For all practical purposes, 1.0 N = 100 gm (the actual value is between
97 and 98 gm)
Addition of Force Vectors
Center of Resistance (CR)
• A point at which resistance to movement can be concentrated for
mathematical analysis
• Center of resistance of an object in space
• Center of resistance of an object partially imbedded in a matter
• The portion of object imbedded in a solid/semi-solid medium dictates the
amount of resistance to the movement of the object
• For a tooth partially imbedded in bone
• Center of resistance is near the middle half of the root
THE CUE BALL CONCEPT
To summarize, there are three rules that can be directly
applied to tooth movement.
• Rule 1 : If a force is applied through the center of a
body, the body will move in the direction of the
applied force.
• Rule 2 : When a force is applied away from the center
of the body, the body will not only move in the
direction of the applied force, but will also rotate
because of the moment produced by the line of force
acting at a perpendicular distance to the center of the
body.
• Rule 3 : When equal and opposite forces act in the
same plane of space, but parallel to each other, a pure
moment is produced. In other words, the body
undergoes pure rotation. This system refers to a
couple.
Moment
• A measure of the tendency to rotate an object around some point
• A moment has magnitude and direction (Clockwise vs Anti-Clockwise)
• A moment is generated by a force acting at a distance from (CR)
• Quantitatively, it is the product of the force times the perpendicular distance
from the point of force application to the center of resistance
• M=Fxd
• Unit: Gram-millimeter (or equivalent)
• When an applied force does not pass through the center of resistance
• The force tend to translate the object
• Force will tend to rotate the object around the center of resistance
Couple
• Two non-colinear forces equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction
• The translatory component of the force will be cancelled out
• Only rotational component of force will be left generating Pure
Rotation
• The object will rotate around its center of resistance
• No matter where the couple is applied on a body, it will always rotate
around its center of resistance
50 x 10 = 500 g.mm
50 x 20 = 1000 g.mm
50 x 10 = 500 g.mm
Force vs Couple
• Force has two components
• 1. Translatory
• 2. Rotational component (Moment) (if force is applied away from the C R)
• Center of rotations can vary its place
• Couple has only one component
• 1. Rotational component (Moment)
• Center of rotation is always at its center of resistance