PARAMETER AND By:

Bryan Ivan A. Bautista

STATISTICS Meryl Rose Lineses

Zelian Mikaela Librada
PARAMETER
•Is a measure that describes a
 

population.
•Usually denoted by Greek letters.
•Population mean (µ), population variance
(), and population standard deviation ()
are examples of parameters.
STATISTIC
•Measures that describes a sample.
•Usually denoted by Roman letters.
•Examples of statistics are sample
mean, sample variance, sample standard
deviation.
POPULATION MEAN
•Is the mean of the entire population.
 

•Is represented by the greek letter mu

(µ) and is computed using the formula:
WHERE:
X= Given Data
N= Population size
EXAMPLE 1
The numbers of workers in six outlets
of a fast-food restaurant are 12, 10, 11,
15, 12, and 14. Treating these data as a
population, find the population mean.
SOLUTION
Number x
1 12
2 10
3 11
4 15
5 12
6 14
∑x= 74
SOLUTION

=
 

= 74/6
= 12.33
Note: The mean is affected by each
datum. If the value of one datum is too
small in comparison with the other
data, it will lower the value of the
mean, vice versa.
EXAMPLE 2
Number x
1 12
2 10
3 11
4 15
5 12
6 2

∑x= 62
SOLUTION

=
 

= 62/6
=10.33
POPULATION VARIANCE AND
POPULATION STANDARD
DEVIATION
•Widely used measures of dispersion of data in
research.
Population Variance- is the sum of the squared
deviations of each datum from the population
mean, divided by the population size.
Population standard deviation- is the square root
of the population variance
FORMULA FOR
POPULATION VARIANCE
=
 

Where: N= population size

x= given data
= population mean
FORMULA FOR POPULATION
STANDARD DEVIATION

=
 
EXAMPLE 3
The following are ages of 8 students at the
Archimedes Secondary School:

1516131415161718
Students Age (
1 15 -0.5 0.25
2 16 0.5 0.25
3 13 -2.5 6.25
4 14 -1.5 2.25
5 15 -0.5 0.25
6 16 0.5 0.25
7 17 1.5 2.25
8 18 2.5 6.25
= 124 18
SOLUTION
 

= = =
= 124/ 8 = =
=15.5 =2.25 = 1.5
SAMPLE MEAN
• The average of all the values randomly selected from the population.

Where: x= sample data

n= sample size
EXAMPLE 4
The following are ages of 8 students at the
Archimedes Secondary School:

1516131415161718
SOLUTION
Student Sampled Age
1 16
2 14
3 15
4 18
= 63
SOLUTION
 

=
= 15.75
SAMPLE VARIANCE AND
SAMPLE STANDARD
DEVIATION
Sample variance is the sum of the
squared deviation of each data from the
sample mean divided by n-1.

Sample standard deviation is the square

root of the sample variance.
EXAMPLE 5
Calculate the sample variance and standard deviation of the 4 randomly selected data
in example 4.

Student Sample Age x-

1 16 0.25 0.0625
22 14
14 -1.75
-1.75 3.0625
3.0625
33 15
15 -.75
-.75 0.5625
0.5625
4 18 2.25 5.0625
4 18 2.25 5.0625
= 63 = 8.75
SOLUTION
 
= S=
= = =
= 15.75 =2.92 =1.71
FINDING THE SAMPLE MEAN
FROM A FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
Sometimes, researchers organize and
present their data using a frequency
distribution table.
FORMULA AND EXAMPLE
6
Scores interval f Class Mark fx
40-42 2 41 82
43-45 5 44 220
46-48 8 47 376
49-51 12 50 600
52-54 6 53 318
55-57 4 56 224
58-60 3 59 177
=40 = 1997
FORMULA AND
EXAMPLE 6
=
 

=
= 49.925 or 49.93
ALTERNATIVE FORMULA FOR
FINDING SAMPLE MEAN
 DEVIATION METHOD

= A.M + i

Where:
A.M. – assumed mean
f - frequency of each class
d - = coded deviation from A.M.
I - class interval
FORMULA AND EXAMPLE 6
Scores interval Class Mark d f fd
40-42 41 -3 2 -6
43-45 44 -2 5 -10
46-48 47 -1 8 -8
49-51 50 0 12 0
52-54 53 1 6 6
55-57 56 2 4 8
58-60 59 3 3 9
40 -1
SOLUTION  

= A.M + i
 A.M. = 50 = 50 +
i=3
40
= 50 + (-0.025) 3
-1 = 50 + (-0.075)
= 49.925 or 49.93
SAMPLE
VARIANCE AND
STANDARD
DEVIATION
FROM A
FREQUENCY
FORMULA FOR COMPUTIMG
THE VARIANCE AND
STANDARD DEVIATION
 
=
 FORMULA AND EXAMPLE 7
SCORE Class Mark f fx x- (x- f(x-
60-64 62 1 62 -23 529 529
65-69 67 2 134 -18 324 648
70-74 72 2 144 -13 169 338
75-79 77 4 308 -8 64 256
80-84 82 6 492 -3 9 54
85-89 87 8 696 2 4 32
90-94 92 5 460 7 49 245
95-99 97 7 679 12 144 1008
SOLUTION
 
 =

= =
=91.47 = 9.56