The Process of

Communication
LESSON 3
 Objective
In this lesson, you will:

 Name the processes involved in communication:

 Recognize the importance of knowing the process of communication : and
 Apply the element used in communication to become a effective
communicator.
 Communication

Communication is a basic need of human beings. It brings people across

the world closer, and helps in the exchange of thoughts and ideas. It
also makes it easier to have a meaningful expression and understanding
of creativity, intelligence, ideas, and concepts in business, work, and
recreational situations.
Communication consider stimuli and responses as essential to the
communication process.
 Stimulus (plural: stimuli) pertains to an initial fore, agent, or action
that elicits a reaction from another being or living organism.
 Responses are the reactive actions from another being on the
stimulus that reached time.
Pavlovian Theory
Why it is
considered
essential in
communication
?
The communication cycle is not complete until the receiver correctly gets the
message of the sender. The process of communication involves what
communication experts call the encoding, transmission, and decoding of a
message, ending in the feedback from the receiver to the sender.
THE TRADITIONAL
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Schramm’s Model
Wilbur Schramm showed the importance of interpersonal communication.
Considered as the father of the study of communication, Schramm is among the
most important world figures in communication research.

Schramm effectively modified the SMCR ( Source – Message – Channel – Receiver)

Theory when he introduced the concept that only the shared or common
information is actually communicated to another party. Schramm’s contribution to
communication theory included the concept that each person has a field of
experience that controls one’s understanding of anything.
Field of Experience – refers to the receiver’s total like experiences which become his reference point in viewing the
worlds.
Lasswell's Model
Harold Laswell authored the Propaganda Techniques in the World
War, a dissertation on the effect of propaganda on people during
World War 1.
Laswell defined propaganda as the management if collective
attitudes by the manipulation of significant symbols. Propaganda was
neither always good nor bad.

A moral judgement on propaganda depends on the viewpoint of the

source (sender vs. receiver) and on the truthfulness of the message.
Lasswell’s Key to Understanding
Communication
Control Analysis – pertains to the study of factors that initiate and
guide the act of communication.
Content Analysis – pertains to the study of the message.
Channel Data Analysis – covers the study of how information travels.
They look at radio, press, film and other channels of communication.
Audience Analysis – pertains to the research on the followers of
media.
Effect Analysis – is the study of impact of the information on
audiences.
The Updated Model: Shannon’s
Communication Process
Also know as the Shannon – Weaver Model of
Communication
This model introduces the concept gained adherence to
become widely applied in the field communication.
The model deals with various concepts like information
source, transmitter, noise, channel message, information
destination, and encoding and decoding.
Shannon’s model breaks down the process of
communication down into eight discrete components.
1. Source - the party who sends a message.
2. Message – this is alternately send and received by the information source and receiver.
3. Transmitter - An example is the telephone instrument that captures an audio signal, converts it into an
electronic signal, and amplifies it for transmission through the telephone network. Transmission through the
telephone network.
4. Signal – flow of radio waves, gestures, words, and pictures being transported
5. Channel – mode of transportation or radio waves and other communication.
6. Noise – signal interference.
7. Receiver – recipient of the message.
8. Destination – final path of the message.
ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATON
For the process of communication to be complete is essential that
the basic elements of communication be identified. These elements
include the sender, the message the channel or medium and the
receiver. Feedback is a latter added elements.
Source
Sender/Encoder/Speaker
The sender starts the process. He draws from his mind, then sends
his thoughts to others. In this context, he success of communication
rests upon the sender.

Who said what?

Message
The message is the idea sent by the sender. The crafting of the
message is vital. Take not that an incorrect choice of words and
expressions can turn the receiver hostile or make him lose interest.
Thus, the sender has to be really careful when sending a message.

What was sad?

Channel or Medium
Another important element of communication is the medium or channel. It
could be oral, written, or nonverbal. Each kind of medium follow its own set of
rules and regulations. The sender has to shape the message according to the
medium of communication. Prior to the composition of the message, the
medium or channel should be decided.

Example: Radio, televesion, phone

What was used to
say it?
Receiver
Also known as decoder/listener

The receiver is the person or group who takes and gives meaning to the meaning
to the message. The receiver is also a communicator. In this context,
communication is successful only when the reaction of the receiver is that which
the communicator intended. Effective communication takes place with shared
meaning and understanding.
To whom was it
said?
Feedback
Feedback is the most feeling important component of
communication. Some experts believe communication takes place
only if the receiver gives a feedback to the seder. The confusion in
daily communication is often a result of lack of feedback. Errors can
be minimized or even completely done away if feedback are
constructive and positive.

What happened after it was

said?
Once a communicator understands the importance of each element,
he would know where failure in communication comes from

Is the sender credible?

Is the medium correct?
Is the message clear?
Is the receiver capable of objectively understanding the message?
What will happen to the message eventually?
Will it be understood?