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    Glyoxylate Cycle

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    Utkarsh Sharma
    The glyoxylate cycle is a metabolic pathway that allows organisms like plants and microbes to convert acetate and fatty acids into carbohydrates. In vertebrates, acetate produced from fatty acids is lost as carbon dioxide during the TCA cycle. But the glyoxylate cycle allows other organisms to bypass these two decarboxylation steps, instead converting acetate into the TCA cycle intermediate succinate and then into carbohydrates through gluconeogenesis. This pathway occurs in specialized organelles called glyoxysomes in plants, which contain enzymes that catalyze both fatty acid breakdown and the glyoxylate cycle.

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    Glyoxylate Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Utkarsh Sharma
    148 views14 pages
    The glyoxylate cycle is a metabolic pathway that allows organisms like plants and microbes to convert acetate and fatty acids into carbohydrates. In vertebrates, acetate produced from fatty acids is lost as carbon dioxide during the TCA cycle. But the glyoxylate cycle allows other organisms to bypass these two decarboxylation steps, instead converting acetate into the TCA cycle intermediate succinate and then into carbohydrates through gluconeogenesis. This pathway occurs in specialized organelles called glyoxysomes in plants, which contain enzymes that catalyze both fatty acid breakdown and the glyoxylate cycle.

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    The glyoxylate cycle is a metabolic pathway that allows organisms like plants and microbes to convert acetate and fatty acids into carbohydrates. In vertebrates, acetate produced from fatty acids is lost as carbon dioxide during the TCA cycle. But the glyoxylate cycle allows other organisms to bypass these two decarboxylation steps, instead converting acetate into the TCA cycle intermediate succinate and then into carbohydrates through gluconeogenesis. This pathway occurs in specialized organelles called glyoxysomes in plants, which contain enzymes that catalyze both fatty acid breakdown and the glyoxylate cycle.

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    148 views14 pages

    Glyoxylate Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Utkarsh Sharma
    The glyoxylate cycle is a metabolic pathway that allows organisms like plants and microbes to convert acetate and fatty acids into carbohydrates. In vertebrates, acetate produced from fatty acids is lost as carbon dioxide during the TCA cycle. But the glyoxylate cycle allows other organisms to bypass these two decarboxylation steps, instead converting acetate into the TCA cycle intermediate succinate and then into carbohydrates through gluconeogenesis. This pathway occurs in specialized organelles called glyoxysomes in plants, which contain enzymes that catalyze both fatty acid breakdown and the glyoxylate cycle.

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    of 14

    Glyoxylate Cycle

    Glyoxylate Cycle
    • Vertebrates can’t convert fatty acids, or acetate
    derived from them, to carbohydrates
    • In vertebrates, for every two carbons that enter TCA
    as acetyl-CoA, two CO2 leave

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 2


    Glyoxylate Cycle
    In many organisms other than vertebrates, glyoxylate
    cycle serves as a mechanism for converting acetate to
    carbohydrates

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 3


    Quiz
    Glyoxylate cycle helps the conversion of
    A. Fats to lipids
    B. Fats to Acetyl CoA
    C. Acetate to carbs

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 4


    Glyoxylate Cycle
    In plants, certain invertebrates, and some
    microorganisms (E. coli and yeast) acetate can serve
    both as
    • An energy rich fuel and
    • Source for carbohydrate synthesis
    In these organisms, glyoxylate cycle catalyzes the net
    conversion of acetate to succinate

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 5


    Quiz
    Glyoxylate cycle usually does not happen in
    A. Vertebrates
    B. Plants
    C. Invertebrates
    D. Microbes

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 6


    2 Acetyl-CoA + NAD+ + 2H2O

    succinate + 2CoA + NADH + H+

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 8


    Quiz
    Glyoxylate cycle happens in
    A. Nucleus
    B. Cytosol
    C. Glyoxysomes
    D. Mitochondria

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 9


    Glyoxylate Cycle
    In plants, enzymes of glyoxylate cycle are sequestered
    in membrane-bounded organelles called glyoxysomes
    (specialized peroxisomes)

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 10


    Glyoxylate Cycle
    • Glyoxysomes are not present in all plant tissues at all
    times
    • They develop in lipid-rich seeds during germination
    • In addition to glyoxylate cycle enzymes, glyoxysomes
    contain all the enzymes needed for degradation of
    fatty acids

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 11


    Glyoxylate Cycle
    • Acetyl-CoA formed from fatty acids converted to
    succinate
    • Succinate exported to mitochondria, TCA enzymes
    transform it to malate
    • Cytosolic isozyme of MDH oxidizes malate to OAA,
    precursor for gluconeogenesis

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 12


    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 13
    Glyoxylate Cycle
    Four distinct pathways participate in these
    conversions:
    • Fatty acid breakdown to acetyl-CoA (in glyoxysomes)
    • GlyoxyIate cycle (in glyoxysomes)
    • Citric acid cycle (in mitochondria) and
    • Gluconeogenesis (in the cytosol)

    10/15/2020 Biochemistry for medics 14

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