SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 1: Perspective of Solid Waste
 Status of Solid Waste in
Malaysia

 An ever-expanding population and high rates of
economic development in Malaysia resulted in the
generation of vast amount of waste.

 It is estimated about 17,000 ton/day of waste

generated in Peninsular Malaysia.

 Average per capita generation of waste 0.85

kg/capita/day
 
 About 1.5kg/capita/day of waste in Kuala Lumpur.

 About 76% of waste generated are collected.

 1-2% is recycled and the remainder is taken to

disposal sites.

 About 5% of waste collected in Kuala Lumpur are

reused and recycled.
 
 Over 40% of 175 disposal sites are operating as
dumpsite.
 Role of Federal, State &
Local Government

3 Level of Government
i. Federal Government
• Ministry of Housing & Local Government.
• Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister Dept.
• Department of Environment.
• Ministry of Health.
ii. State Government
iii. Local Authorities
 
Role of Federal Government:
 MHLG handles all matters related to Solid Waste
Management funding and policy development.

 This is done conjunction with the Economic Planning

Unit and others government agencies

 MHLG has established a Technical Committee on

SWM.
 
 Comprising of relevant government agencies, Local
University Researchers and Research Institution.
 Legislation Related to
SWM

 Local Government Act 1976
 It has the power to collect taxes (in the form of
assessment tax)
 To create laws and rules (in the form of by-laws)
 To grant licenses and permits for any trade in its area
of jurisdiction
 To prove basic amenities, collecting and managing
waste and garbage as well as planning and developing
the area under its jurisdiction.
 
 Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974
 This Act aims to provide a uniform system in local
authority areas of Malaysia
 Sets out rules to regulate the activities relating to
street, drainage and building in those areas.
 In terms of street, the Act covers maintenance, repair,
extension and widening of streets.
 
 The streets could be made by either local authorities or
private persons with permission from local
authorities.
 The Act also sets out rules on trees, lamps, water pipes
and other infrastructures which built under/alongside
the streets.
 Further, the Act stipulates that local authority is
under the obligation to construct and maintain drains
and water-courses, as well as back-lanes
 
 Environment Quality Act 1974
 Legislation is related to the prevention, abatement,
control of pollution and enhancement of the
environment
 The Way Forward-
Strategic
 Plan
 Direct participation of Federal Government
 Privatization of SWM services
 Sustainable waste management
 Inter-cooperation amongst government and
stakeholders
 Public awareness program
 Development of technical and managerial capability
Current Status

Targeted 2020

Future

Legislation & Institutional

 Review existing legislation

 Enable federalization and privatization

 Enhance waste minimization

 Identifying all stakeholders

 Institutional strengthening
Privatization

 To improve SWM services

 To relinquish financial burden

 Wider involvement by the private sector

 Final stage of agreement (transition period)

Benefit of private Sector Participation

UK & US studies
 Costs reduction by 25% lesser due to rationalized
operation and greater management flexibility

Canadian studies
 Cost reduce at least 25% in most provinces
 60% lower in Atlantic Province
 High costs in Quebec Province were due to older and
large equipment, large crew sizes and lower
productivity
 
Latin American studies
 Costs have been reduce at least 50% due to higher
labor and vehicle productivity

Malaysian study
 Cost reduce at least 20% due to grater efficiency
Technical Aspect

 Integrated solid waste management facilities
 New facilities with appropriate technology;
 Transfer station
 Thermal treatment plant
 Composting plant
 Sanitary landfill
Transfer Station


Thermal Treatment

Composting plant Sanitary landfill

 Definition of Solid Waste
Management

‘The discipline associated with the control of generation,
storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and
disposal of solid waste in manner that is accordance with the
best principles of public health, economic, engineering,
conservation, aesthetics and environmental consideration’
Elements of Solid Waste
Management

Generation

Storage
Collection
Transfer and
Transport
Treatment

Disposal
Definition of Integrated Solid
Waste Management (ISWM)

The selection and application of suitable techniques,
technologies and management programs to achieve specific
waste management objective and goals
Hierarchy of ISWM

Landfilling

Waste
Transformation

Recycle

Source
Reduction
Paradigm Shift

 ISWM

a) Source Reduction
 Highest rank of the ISWM
 Most effective way to reduce the quantity waste, costs &
environmental impacts
 Involve reducing the amount and/or toxicity of the waste
 May occur through the design, manufacture, & packaging of
the products
 Minimum toxic content
 Minimum volume of material
 Longer useful life
 Selection of buying pattern & reuse product & material
 
b) Recycle
 Second highest rank
 Important factor in reducing the demand or resources
& the amount of waste requiring disposal by landfill
 Involved separation and collection of waste materials
 Involved preparation of the material for reuse,
reprocessing and remanufacture
 Reuse, reprocessing and remanufacture of these
materials
 
c) Waste Transformation
 Involved the physical, chemical or biological
alteration;
 Improve the efficiency of SWM operation & systems
 To recover reusable & recyclable materials
 To recover conversion products & energy of heat &
biogas
 Reduce use of landfill capacity
 
d) Landfilling
 For solid waste that cannot be recycle and & no future
use
 Residual matter remaining after separation
 Residual matter remaining after recovery of
combustion products/ energy
 Involves the controlled disposal of waste
 *END*
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