Measurement of three phase power by

two wattmeter method

1
 𝑉  𝐿 𝐼 𝐿

𝑉
  𝑎𝑐 =𝑉 𝑏𝑐 =𝑉 𝐿 𝑎𝑛𝑑 I 𝑎 = 𝐼 𝑏= 𝐼 𝐿

  = 2 cos30 cos
= 2 cos

2
   cos
  sin
 
tan =

 
=

3
Slide Wire DC Potentiometer
 Principle of Operation
• A basic potentiometer circuit consists of a slide wire AB of
uniform cross section and Unit length. Generally slide
wire is made up of manganin. Let r be the resistance per
unit Length of slide wire.
• The battery supplies a current through the slide wire which
is limited with the help of regulating resistance i.e.
rheostat.
• The battery B1 Whose e.m.f. is to be measured is
connected in series with a galvanometer G and switch K.
• When the switch K is opened, the current through slide
wire is i. If the sliding contact is at position C, let the
length AC be l Units, then the voltage drop across AC is
given by ir1.
• Consider that switch K is closed which puts the battery B1 in
the circuit.
• The battery B1 whose e.m.f. is to be measured is connected
such that the voltage drop along the slide wire and e.m.f. of B1
oppose each other.
• The deflection in the galvanometer G depends on of
magnitude of voltage drop across the slide wire portion AC
and e.m.f. of B1.
• If the voltage drop across length l of the slide wire is greater
than e.m.f. of battery B1, then the current will flow in the
direction A to C through the galvanometer. Similarly if the
e.m.f. of battery B1is greater than the voltage drop across the
length l of the slide wire, then the current will flow in the
direction C to A through the galvanometer.
• The most important condition exhibiting the basic principle of
the potentiometer is that no current flows through the
• Generally a scale is provided along with the slide wire which enables to
measure the length of portion AC.
• Hence to measure e.m.f. of a battery, first adjust a current through slide
wire with switch K open.
• Then insert battery whose e.m.f. is to be measured.
• By closing switch K, adjust sliding contact such that the galvanometer
shows zero deflection. Measure the length of the portion of the slide wire
with the help of scale provided. Then the unknown e.m.f. E of battery is
given by,
• E = i(r.l)
• where r1 is the resistance per unit length, i is the working current adjusted
using rheostat R.