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Solutions: - Ex. Biuret Reagent + Serum Sample Total Protein Concentration
Solutions: - Ex. Biuret Reagent + Serum Sample Total Protein Concentration
solution
Solutions
• Are homogeneous mixtures.
• If both the solute and solvent are equal in volume, the term solute is assigned to
either component.
• Since gravity affects both known and unknown mass the same
– a fair comparison of mass can be obtained using a balance.
Unknown
mass
1g
known weights
Known mass
Balances
solute
knife edge
pointer
pan pan
scale
solute
2g
How a 2 Pan Analytical Balance is used to measure
mass.
additional
known
weights
solute
2g
Constant Load (1 Pan)
Analytical Balance
beam
removable
Weights knife edge
solute
How a Constant Load (1 Pan)
Analytical Balance is used to measure mass.
solute
Electronic Balances
• Do not directly measure measure mass; they measure the force (weight)
that acts downward on the balance pan.
• Most are electromagnetic balances
and so measure weight using a
electromagnet.
• The electromagnetic (servomotor)
generates a force to counter the
weight of the mass being measured.
• The electrical current required to generate this force is proportional to the
weight and so can be used with appropriate calibration, to calculate mass.
• Mass is then displayed on the screen.
Electronic Rough Balance
Electronic Top Loader
• Single pan.
• Easy to use.
• Has a tare bar/button.
• Sensitivity – 0.01g
• Self calibrating
Weighing boats
Electronic Analytical Balance
Calibrating a Balance
• Before weighing anything on a balance with a
level indicator, one must check that it is
properly calibrated.
– Level indicator – when calibrated properly, the
bubble must be in the black circle
The Science Behind Balance Calibration!
Left Adjustment Right Adjustment
Foot Foot
– Rotate clockwise – Rotate clockwise
• Bubble moves • Bubble moves
– Rotate counter-clockwise – Rotate counter-clockwise
• Bubble moves • Bubble moves
1 2 3
• Single pan.
• Easy to use.
• Has a tare bar.
• Sensitivity – 0.0001g
• Must be calibrated
(leveled).
Definitions Associated with Balances