Object Oriented

Programming With C++

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Manipulating String

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Creating string objects
#include<string>
….. s3+="Bye"; Output:
int main() cout<<s3<<endl;
{ cout<<s4<<endl; ABC
string s1; string s7(s4); ABCABC
string s2("ABC"); s2=s4+"Bad";
string s3=s2; cout<<s2<<endl;
ABCBye
cout<<s3<<endl; string s8; Hello
string s4="Hello";
string s5,s6;
s8=“Good morning”; HelloBad
// reading a word s2.assign(s8,1,6); ood mo
cin>>s5;
// reading a line
cout<<s2<<endl; od m
getline(cin,s6);
s2+=s3; s2.assign(s8,2,5);
cout<<s2<<endl; cout<<s2<<endl;
return 0;
}

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Manipulating string objects
#include<cstring> Output:
int main() Good Hello morning
{ Good Happy morning
string s1="Hello "; Good morning
string s2=“Good morning";
string s3="Bad";
s2.insert(5,s1);
cout<<s2<<endl;
s2.replace(5,5,"happy ");
cout<<s2<<endl;
s2.erase(5,6);
cout<<s2<<endl;

return 0;
}

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Relational operator
#include<string> Output:
…. s1 bigger
int main()
{
string s1(“hello");
string s2("good morning");
if(s1>s2)
cout<<“s1 bigger\n";
else
cout<<"s2 bigger\n";

return 0;
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}
String compare
Output:
#include<iostream> -1
#include<string> -1
using namespace std; 0

int main()
{
string s1("hello");
string s2("good morning");
int x=s1.compare(s2);
cout<<x<<endl;
cout<<s2.compare(s1)<<endl;
string s3 = "hello";
cout<<s1.compare(s3)<<endl;
return 0;
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}
String erase
Output:
#include<iostream> Hello w
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
string s1("Hello world");
//erase all chars from index 7
s1.erase(7);
cout<<s1;
return 0;
}
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String swap

int main() Output:

{ Good morning
string s1("Hello ");
string s2("Good morning");
s1.swap(s2);
cout<<s1<<endl;
return 0;
}

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From “null-terminated string” to
“string object”
int main() Output:
{ Hello
char *st="Hello";
string s1(st);
cout<<s1<<endl;
return 0;
}

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From “string object” to
“null-terminated string”
int main() Output:
{ Hello
string s1="Hello";
const char *st=s1.c_str();
cout<<st<<endl;
return 0;
}

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String characteristics
int main() Output:
{ 13
string str("one two three"); 13
cout<<str.size()<<endl; 13
cout<<str.length()<<endl; 4294967293
cout<<str.capacity()<<endl; false
cout<<str.max_size()<<endl;
cout<<boolalpha<<str.empty()<<endl;
return 0;
}

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String characteristics: resize()
int main() Output:
{ 20
string str("one two three"); 20
str.resize(20); 26
cout<<str.size()<<endl; 4294967293
cout<<str.length()<<endl; false
cout<<str.capacity()<<endl;
cout<<str.max_size()<<endl;
cout<<boolalpha<<str.empty()<<endl;
return 0;
}

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String characteristics : reserve()
int main() Output:
{ 13
string str("one two three"); 13
str.reserve(20); 26
cout<<str.size()<<endl; 4294967293
cout<<str.length()<<endl; false
cout<<str.capacity()<<endl;
cout<<str.max_size()<<endl;
cout<<boolalpha<<str.empty()<<endl;
return 0;
}

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String & exception
#include<exception> Output:
#include<string> Hello world
…..
int main() Hello world
{ invalid string position
string s1="Hello world";
int i;
for(i=0;i<=s1.size();i++)
cout<<s1[i];
cout<<endl;
try{
for(i=0;i<=s1.size();i++)
cout<<s1.at(i);
cout<<endl;
}
catch(out_of_range e)
{
cout<<endl;
cout<<e.what()<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
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 Accessing characters of a string
int main() Output:
{
string str("one two three");
4
string::size_type r; 0
string::size_type n; 2
n=str.find("two");
cout<<n<<endl;
two th
cout<<str.find_first_of("teo")<<endl;
cout<<str.find_first_not_of("no")<<endl;
cout<<str.substr(4,6)<<endl;
return 0;
}

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 Replacing Substring
int main()
{
string s1="Think big Act big Get big";
int position = s1.find("big");

while(position != string::npos)
{
s1.replace(position,3,"small");
position = s1.find("big",position+1);
}
cout<<s1<<endl;
Output:
return 0;
} Think small Act small Get small

Note: Member function find returns string::npos when the search character or
substring is not found 16
 Exercise
1. Implement a function with the following specification:
string censor(const string& s, string objectionable[],
int size)
where s is the string to be censored, objectionable is an array of
strings that need to be censored, and size is the size of the array
objectionable. The function returns a string with all the words in the string
s which are contained in objectionable replaced with asterisks, “*”.
e.g. The string may be “This is the string to be censored”. If the word “the” is in
the objectionable array, then the string “This is *** string to be censored.”
is returned.

2. Implement a function with the following specification:

string sentence_reverse(const string& s)
where s is the string to be reversed, the reversed string is returned. The
reversal happens in a special way where the words remain intact but the sentence
is reversed. E.g. if the string to be reversed is “This is the string to be reversed”,
the
Reversed string will be “reversed be to string the is This”.

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