General Mathematics

“FUNCTIONS”
Lesson 1:
Representing Real-life
Situations Using Functions
 Relation
It is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first elements
of the ordered pairs is called the domain of the relation, and
the set of all second elements called the range.

Function
It is a relation or rule of correspondence between two
elements such that each element in the domain corresponds to
exactly one element in the range.
 Example:
1. A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}

Domain: (1, 2, 3, 4)
Range: (2, 3, 4, 5)

FUNCTION
 Example:
2. B = {(3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)}

Domain: (3, 4, 5, 6)
Range: (3, 4, 5, 6)

FUNCTION
 TRY THIS!
3. C = {(1, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, -1)}

Domain: (1, 0, -1)

Range: (0, 1, -1)

NOT FUNCTION
 TRY THIS!
4. D = {(a, b), (b, c), (c, d), (a, d)}

Domain: (a, b, c)
Range: (b, c, d)

NOT FUNCTION
 TRY THIS!
5. X 1 2 3 4 5 6
Y 2 4 6 8 10 12

Domain: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Range: (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12)

FUNCTION
 TRY THIS!
6. X 4 -3 1 2 5
Y -5 -2 -2 -2 0

Domain: (4, -3, 1, 2, 5)

Range: (-5, -2, 0)

FUNCTION
 TRY THIS!
7. X 0 -1 4 2 -1
Y 3 4 0 -1 1

Domain: (0, -1, 4, 2)

Range: (3, 4, 0, -1, 1)

NOT FUNCTION
 TRY THIS!
8. A
X
B
Y
C

Domain: (A, B, C)
Range: (X, Y)
FUNCTION
 TRY THIS!
9. A
X
B
Y
C

Domain: (X, Y)
Range: (A, B, C)
NOT FUNCTION
 TRY THIS!
10. JANA KEN
DONA MARK
MAYA REY

Domain: (JANA, DONA, MAYA)

Range: (KEN, MARK, REY)
FUNCTION
 VERTICAL LINE TEST
A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical line
drawn passing through the graph intersects it at exactly one
point.

Example:
1. FUNCTION
 Example:
2. 3.

NOT FUNCTION
FUNCTION
 FUNCTION MACHINE
Let’s try the following real-life situation.
1. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a
function H that can represent the height of a
person in a age, if every year the height is
added by 2 inches.

Answer: H(a) =2+a

2. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a
function D that can represent the distance a car
travels in t time, if every hour the car travels 60
kilometers.

Answer: D(t) = 60t

3. Give a function B that can represent the
amount of battery charge of a cellular phone in
h hour, if 12% of battery was loss every hour.

Answer: B(h) = 100 - .12h

4. Squares of side x are cut from each corner of
a 10 inches by 8 inches rectangle, so that its
sides can be folded to make a box with no top.
Define a function in terms of x that can
represent the volume of the box.

Answer: V(x) = (10 – 2x)(8 – 2x)(x)

= 80x – 36x + 4x
2 3
 PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
Examples:
1. A user is charged P250 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes 200 free
text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are
charged P1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost
for text messaging using the function t(m),
where m is the number of messages sent in a
month.
 Answer:

{ 250 if 0 < m
}
 

t(m) = (250 + m) if m > 200

First Conclusion:
For sending messages not exceeding 200
Second Conclusion:
In case the messages sent were more
than 200
 PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
Examples:
2. A certain chocolate bar costs P50.00 per
piece. However, if you buy more than 5 pieces
that will mark down the price to P48.00 per
piece. Use the piecewise function to represent
the cost in terms of the number of chocolate
bars bought.
 Answer:

{ 50 if 0 < n
}
 

f(n) = (48n) if n > 5

First Conclusion:
For buying 5 chocolate bars or less
Second Conclusion:
For buying more than 5 chocolate bars
 PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
Examples:
3. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve
food for a party is P250.00 per head for 50
persons or less, P200.00 per head for 51 to 100
persons, and P150.00 per head for more than
100. represents the total cost as a piecewise
function of the number of attendees to the party.
 Answer:

{ }
250 if n
 

C(n)= 200 if 51 n 100

 

150 if n > 100

First Conclusion:
Cost of a service to at least 50 persons
Second Conclusion:
Cost for a service to 51 to 100 persons
Third Conclusion:
Cost for a service to more than 100 persons
Lesson 2:
Evaluating Functions
 Example:
Find its value if x = 3.
1. x – 9
2. 3x + 7
3. x + 4x – 10
2

4. 2x2 – 6x + 26
5. 3x – 6
2
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS:
1. Constant Function
2. Identity Function
3. Polynomial Function
4. Linear Function
5. Quadratic Function
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS:
6. Cubic Function
7. Power Function
8. Rational Function
9. Exponential Function
10. Logarithmic Function
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS:
11. Absolute Value Function
12. Greatest Integer Function
 Examples:
 
Let’s Evaluate Function
1. f(x) = 2x – 4; x = 3
2. g(x) = 3x + 7; x = -3
2

3. p(x) = 3x + 5x – 2; x = 0, -1
2

4. f(x) = 5x + 1; x = h + 1
5. g(x) =
 
Examples:
6.
7.
8. h(x)=
9. f(x) =
10.
Lesson 3:
Operations on Functions
 
Examples:
6.
7.
8. h(x)=
9. f(x) =
10.