MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT

GOALS
&
THE ROAD AHEAD

Dr. Manpreet Singh

UNICEF
WHAT ARE THE MDGs?
GOALS: 8
TARGETS: 18
INDICATORS: 60
WHY THEY DO MATTER?
Poverty has many elements
 Income –whether you have enough to buy the essentials
 Quality of life –health, education
 Opportunities –for ourselves and our children

Distinct, but interconnected

 Smart investments
 Benefits both now and over long time periods
 Break inter-generational transmission of poverty
 Build resilience
 Enhance peace and security
 CONTEXT
• 2000 – Member nations of the UN commit
themselves to ending extreme poverty & hunger,
promoting human well-being and protecting the
environment
• MDGs - A set of 8 goals, 18 targets & more than
40 indicators agreed to be met by 2015.
• 2007 – Mid-point for the achievement of the
MDGs; Civil Society actions across the world to
remind governments of their promise to end
Poverty & Social Exclusion
 WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT MDGS
(commitment of leaders of 189 countries)
Partnership for development
Governments, Private Sector, Civil Society, Faith-Based Groups,
Non-profits, Citizens…and YOU
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
Trade
Technology
Goals have targets that can be measured and monitored
1990 benchmarks: taken as base year

Global –but also local

Countries –and provinces –adopt and adapt to suit
 WHAT HAPPENED SINCE 2000?

Periods of strong
economic growth uneven
across countries and
regions; and over time
But growth alone is not
enough
Done right, it speeds up
reduction in income
poverty
Provides resources for
the other goals –ODA
and domestic
 What happened since 2000?
Global and
regional shocks
• Food Prices
• Global and regional
differences
Financial crisis
HIV/AIDS (earlier)
Early impacts of climate
change Natural
disasters
Prolonged droughts
SOME IMPRESSIVE GAINS…
World on track for halving poverty by 2015 (with
a 1990 benchmark): 120 million people out of
poverty between 2000 and 2005, or 2.4 per cent
annual drop
Between 2000 and 2005: 2 million lives saved
through reduced child mortality
30 million additional 6-12 year children going to
school
30 million additional families having access to
drinking water
Boys and girls in equal numbers in primary
school
PROGRESS, BUT AT DIFFERENT RATES
AVERAGES CAN MASK REALITY
 ACCELERATING TO 2015…
• Climate change adds
urgency
• MDGs improve
resilience and
adaptation
• Climate change will
make it harder to
escape poverty
• Knowledge helps focus
acceleration efforts
 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT
GOALS
INDIA COUNTRY REPORT 2009
 INDIA CONTEXT
REPORTS on…………

GOALS: 8
TARGETS: 12 (time bound)
INDICATORS: 48
GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME
POVERTY AND HUNGER
TARGET 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the
proportion of people whose income is less than
one dollar a day.
• Indicator 1A: Poverty Head count Ratio (Percentage
of Population below the national poverty line)
• Indicator 2: Poverty Gap Ratio.
• Indicator 3: Share of Poorest Quintile in National
Consumption.
• Indicator 4: Prevalence of underweight children
under three years of age
 Progress on Goal 1
• Incidence of poverty declined to 27.5% in 04-05
• AP, Karnataka, Punjab and Rajasthan on track
• Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Maharashtra, Orissa, UP
are on slow track
• States of Assam, Goa, Gujarat, HP, J&K,
Kerala, TN and other s, mall states are on fast
track
• Urban rural gap of 5 % points will persist
Target 2 : Halve, between 1990 and
2015, the proportion of people who
suffer from hunger
Going by the present pace of change,
India is likely to have 40.23% children
below 3 years underweight in 2015 against
target of 26.8%
J&K, Punjab and TN will be early achiever
AP, HP, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur
Mizoram and Tripura are on track
 Goal 2:Achieve universal
primary education
Target 3: Ensure that , by 15, children
everywhere, boy’s and girls alike, will be able
to complete a full course of primary
education
Progress:
• Country is likely to achieve 100% NER well
before 2015 however survivor rate at primary
level has declined to 72% in 07-08
• Country is likely to attain 100% youth literacy by
13-14
 Goal 3: Promote gender
equality and empower women
• Target4: Eliminate gender disparity in
primary and secondary education preferably
by 2005 and in all levels of education by 2015
Progress:
• Target of gender parity in primary education has
not been achieved ; GPI was .88 in 06-07
• Secondary level GPI was .82 and tertiary level
GPI was .69 in 06-07
• The trends suggest that India will attain gender
parity by 2015
 Cont…
• Share of women in wage employment in
non-agriculture sector: it is likely to reach
24% by 2015
• Percentage of lady parliamentarians
fluctuates between 8-12%; in current Lok
Sabha there are 59 (10.8%) women
members out of 545 and 21 women
members in Rajya Sabha out of 234
 Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Target 5: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990
and 2015, the under five mortality rate
Progress:
• India is likely fall short by 28 % points of
targeted under five mortality rate of 42% by
2015.
• U5MR is higher than national average in Assam,
Bihar, MP, Orissa, Rajasthan, UP both for rural ,
urban and boys and girls
• Decline is more for boy child than girl child
 Cont..
• IMR: the target is to reduce IMR to 26.7 by 2015
and it is unlikely to be achieved
• IMR is consistently higher for girls than boys in
India ; However girls have reported greater decline
in IMR in last two decades. The existing gender
gap in IMR is likely to persist in India.
• Rural Urban in IMR is quite substantial- gap of
22% points in 2008 However decline in rural areas
was more than in urban areas
• At current trends rural IMR will be 51 and Urban 30
 Cont…
• Rural urban gender gap is very pronounced
• Only Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur are
on fast track
• Measles Immunization is likely fall short by
3% points by 2015 of the target of universal
coverage However 17 states are likely to
achieve this target.
• Rural urban gap in measles coverage is
high in Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh with
more than 20% points
 Goal 5: Improved Maternal
health
Target5: Reduce by three-quarters, between
1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
Progress:
• Rate of decline in MMR has increased between
1990-97 and 97-2006 however India will fall
short by 26 points to achieve target of 109 MMR
by 2015
• Kerala, and West Bengal will achieve MGD 5
 Cont…
• The progress in some states had been
inconsistent
• States of UP, Rajasthan, MP Karnataka are
likely to fall short by 70-90 points
• Proportion of deliveries attended by SBA: only
states of AP, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab,
Sikkim and TN will achieve universal coverage
• All other states the rural urban gap in SBA
remain significant
 Cont…
• Institutional Delver: coverage of
institutional deliveries has increased from
26% in 1992 to 47 % in 2007-08.
• Only three states- Goa, Kerala and TN
have near 90% coverage
• Number of states with less than 20%
coverage has come down from 7 to 4 in
2005-6.
 Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS,
Malaria and TB
Target 7: Have halted by 2015 and began to
reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
• HIV prevalence: Adult HIV prevalence in
India was 0.34% in 2007. it is high in high
risk population.
• Prevalence among Males is 0.44% and
among females 0.23%
• Prevalence has stabilized over last few
years
 Cont…
Target 8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to
reverse the incidence of malaria and other
major disease
• Prevalence of malaria and mortality due to it:
Incidence of Malaria has declined from 1.74 % in
2005 to 1.52% in 2009 while the percentage of
death of malaria has not declined
• Prevalence of TB and mortality due to it: the
incidence has declined from 586 cases in 90 to
283/ 100000 in 2007 and mortality has declined to
26 per 100000 case.
 Goal 7: Ensure environmental
sustainability
Target 9: Integrate the principals of sustainable
development in to country policies and
programmes and reverse the loss of
environmental resources
Progress:
• The forest cover has increased from 20.99% in
2005 to 21.02% in 2007
• The country is on track in increasing the protection
network for arresting the bio-diversity losses and
maintaining ecological balance
 Cont….
• CO2 emission:CO2 emission per-
capita in India are still low as
compared to developed countries
• Efficient energy use:
 Cont..
• Target10: Halve, by 2015 the proportion of
people without sustainable access to safe
drinking water and basic sanitation:
Progress:
• Access to improved drinking water: India
is on track and will achieve this target by
2015 based on the trends indicated by
DLHS survey with rural households likely
to reach 99 %
 Cont..
• Access to improved sanitation
facilities: India is likely to miss this
target by 8% points as proportion of
households with no sanitation facilities
have declined from 70% in 1992 to 51
% in 2007-08 and at this rate of
decline India will reach at 46% mark.
Rural urban difference will remain by
2015
 Cont..
• Target 11: by 2020, to have
achieved, a significant
improvement in lives of at least 100
million slum dweller
• Progress:
• The share of slum population is 23.1
% as per 2001 census. Comparative
figures for any other period are not
available to assess any progression
in this situation
 Goal 8: Develop Global
partnership for Development
Target 12: In cooperation with the private
sector, make available the benefits of
new technologies, especially
information and communication
Progress:
• Overall tele-density has increased
remarkably from 0.67% in 1991 to 36.98%
in 2009 with rural tele-density of 15.11 %
to 88.84% in urban area
 MDG Attainment in the Poor
States of India
• The poorest states in India (e.g., Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar, Rajasthan, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh):
• are among the most populous in the country, and
• have among the worst MD indicators.

• Owing to more rapid population growth, these states

will account for an even larger share of India’s
population in 2015.

• Therefore, India’s attainment of MDGs will largely

depend on the performance of these states.
 Challenges
 Wide Regional disparity
 High rates of under nutrition
 Poor health indicators particularly for women, girls and
members of low-caste and tribal population
 Large number of children out of school
 Low per capita expenditure on health, high out of pocket
expenditure
 Inefficient and ineffective primary health care system coupled
with largely unregulated private sector
 Epidemiological transition from burden of communicable to
non- communicable diseases
 Challenges posed by rapid urbanization, aging population
 Gender disparity reflected in health , education employment
and social indicators
 Way forward
 More investment in health sector strengthen
primary health case system an public health
Addressing challenges of quality of education with
increasing quantity
More investment on strengthening infrastructure-
roads, transport, electricity, energy, water
sanitation environment management, agriculture
Better urban management
Improvement in service delivery and increasing
accountability
Targeting underprivileged populations and
addressing regional disparities
 References
1. Indian Millennium Development Goals MDGS - India Country Report
http://www.economywatch.com/millennium-development-goals.html
2. February 13, 2006 : India releases the first Millennium Development Goals report.
3. Millenium development goals: INDIA Country report 2005
http://www.unicef.org/india/ssd04_2005_final.pdf
4. Millennium Development Goals: A Preview of the Progress Status in India
http://www.siescoms.edu/images/pdf/reserch/working_papers/millennium_development_goals_a_prev
iew_of_the_progress_status_in_india.pdf
5. MDGs overview: http://www.unicef.org/india/overview_3696.htm
6. End poverty 2015 millennium campaign: INDIA AND THE MDGS:
http://www.endpoverty2015.org/reports/resource/overview-presentation-india-and-mdgs
7. Attaining the Millennium Development Goals in India: How Likely & What Will It Take?
siteresources.worldbank.org/INTINDIA/.../IndiaMDG_ADeolalikar.ppt
8. One world south asia: India's MDG status critical (30 June 2010)
9. The economic times Sept 18, 2010: India confident about achieving MDGs by deadline
10. Report "A Fair Chance at Life" by “Save the Children“
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/en/54_12454.htm
“Chance favors the prepared mind”
………… Louis Pasteur

“You cannot step in the same river twice”

………… Heraclitus

“When those with authority lack motivation

than those with motivation must exercise
authority”
………… unknown author