“Art is the product

of man’s need to
express himself.”
“Art is that which brings life
in harmony with the beauty
of the world.”
? Can anyone be
an artist?
Meaning and Importance of Arts
Art
from the Italian word artis
which means
craftsmanship, skill,
mastery of form,
inventiveness and the
association that exist
between form and ideas
and between material and
technique
Art is man-made.

Art must be creative, not

imitative.

Art must benefit and satisfy

man.

Art is expressed through

certain medium or material.
The Subject of Art
Representational Art
Artworks that depict
something easily
recognized by most
people.
Non-representational
Art
Artworks that have no
resemblance to any real
subject
Functions of Art
Aesthetic Function

Through art, man becomes

conscious of the beauty of
nature. He benefits from
his own work and from
those done by his
fellowmen.
UtilitarianFunction
Through art, man is provided
with shelter, clothing, food,
beautiful surroundings,
personal ornamentals,
entertainment, language,
transportation, and other
necessities and
conveniences of life
Cultural Function

Through the printed

matter, art transmits and
preserve skills and
knowledge from one
generation to another.
Social Function

Through civic and graphic

art, man learns to love and
help each other.
Dimensions of Arts
Fine Arts or
Independent Arts
-made primarily for
aesthetic enjoyment
through the senses,
especially visual and
auditory.
Fine Arts or
Independent Arts
-painting
-music
-sculpture
-architecture
-literature
-dancing
-drama
Practical Arts or
Utilitarian Arts
-intended for practical use
or utility

-it is the development of

raw materials for
utilitarian purposes
Practical Arts or
Utilitarian Arts
-industrial arts
-applied or household art
-civic art
-commercial art
-graphic art
-business art
Art consists of
-visual arts
-literature
-drama and theater
-music
-dance
Types of Visual Arts
GRAPHIC ARTS – 2D
-painting
-drawing
-photography
-graphic process (printing)
-commercial art (designing
of books, advertisements,
signs, posters, etc.)
Types of Visual Arts
PLASTIC ARTS – 3D
-structural architecture
-landscape architecture
-city physical planning
-interior arranging
-sculpture
-crafts
-dress and costume design
-theater design
The Artist’s Media
Medium refers to the materials
which are used by an artist.

Technique is the manner in which

the artist controls the medium to
achieve desired effect.

Painting is the art of creating

meaningful effects on a flat surface
by the use of pigments.
Architecture is the art of
designing and constructing
structure

Sculpture is the construction

of a figure or by putting
together module segments of
the material to form a figure.

Combined Arts are those

whose mediums can be both
seen and heard.
Mediums of the Visual Arts
PAINTING
Watercolor
This medium is difficult to
handle because it is difficult to
produce warm and rich tones
but it invites brilliance and
variety of hues.
Fresco
This is painting on a moist
plaster surface with colors
ground in water or limewater
mixture. The colors dry into
plaster, and the picture
becomes a part of the wall.
Tempera
Tempera paints are mineral
pigments mixed with egg yolk
or egg white.

This medium dries quickly and

corrections are difficult to
make.
Pastel
This is a stick of dried paste made
of pigment round with chalk and
compounded with gum water.

However, when the chalk rubs, the

picture loses some of its brilliance.
Oil
One of the most expensive art activities
because of the material

It is the heaviest of the painting media.

The artist may use a brush, palette knife,

or even his bare hands.
Oil
They dry slowly and the
painting may be changed and
worked over a long period of
time.

Painting done in oil is glossy

and lasts long.
Acrylic
This medium is used by most
contemporary painters because of
the transparency and quick-drying
characteristics of watercolor and oil
combined.

They do not tend to break easily

unlike oil paints that turn yellowish
or darker over time.
Mosaic
It is picture or decoration made
of small pieces of inlaid
colored stones called tesserae.
Mosaic is classified as painting
although the medium is not
strictly pigment.

It is an important feature of
Byzantine churches.
Stained Glass
It is an artwork common in
Gothic cathedrals and
churches. This is made by
combining many small pieces
of colored glass which are held
together by bands of lead. It is
also a kind of patchwork.
Tapestry
This is a fabric consisting of a
warp upon which colored
threads are woven by hand to
produce a design, often
pictorials, wall hangings, and
furniture covers.
Drawing
It is usually done on paper
using pencil, pen and ink, or
charcoal.

Shading can be used to make

drawing more life-like and
realistic.
Bistre
It is a brown pigment extracted
from the soot of wood, and often
used in pen and wash drawings.
Crayons
Crayons are pigments bound by wax
and compressed into painted sticks
used for drawing especially for
children in the elementary grades.

They adhere better on paper

surface.
Charcoal
These are carbonaceous materials
obtained by heating wood or organic
substances in the absence of
oxygen.

Soft charcoal produces the darkest

value, while the hardest produces
the lightest tone.
Printmaking
A print is anything printed on a
surface that is a direct result from
duplicating process.

Normally, the painting or graphic

image is done in blank ink on white
paper and becomes the artist’s
plate.
Major Types of
Printmaking
Woodcut

This is made from a piece of wood.

The design stands as a relief, the
remaining surface of the block being
cut away.

A woodblock prints just as do the

letters of a typewriter.
Engraving

In engraving, the lines of

the design are cut into a
metal plate with ink and
transferred from the plate
to the paper.
Etching
Relief

It involves cutting away

from a block of wood or
linoleum the parts of the
design that the artist
wants to be seen, leaving
the portion of the third
dimension.
Intaglio

In intaglio, the design is

engraved or etched into a
metal plate. The incised line
is then filled with ink and
under considerable pressure,
leaves a sharp impression on
paper surface.
Stencil Painting

It is a process which involves

cutting of the design on
special paper cardboard or
metal sheet in such a way
that when ink is rubbed over
it, the designed is reproduced
on the surface.
Sculpture
In choosing a subject for
sculpture, the most important
thing to consider is the
material.

The two major sculpture

processes are: subtractive and
additive.
Types of Sculpture
Relief
-figures are attached to a
ground

Free Standing
-can be seen from all sides
Stone

Stone is durable, resistant

to the elements, fire, and
other hazards.

However, it is heavy and

breaks easily.

Marble is the most

beautiful of stones.
Pieta by Michaelangelo in the
Basilica of St. Peter’s.
Bronze

The most commonly used

among the metals.

It may be solid in small

statues. Most large bronze
statues are hollow because it
would make the statue heavy
and expensive.
Wood

The advantage of wood is that

it is cheap, readily available,
and easy to cut.

It also polishes well and has

smooth shiny surface and
beautiful color.
Wood

Woodcarving is popular in the

towns of Paete and Pakil in
Laguna and in Betis,
Pampanga.

The disadvantage of wood is

its limited size and it burns
easily. They also discolor and
decay easily.
Ivory

-from elephant tusks

-needed technical
mastery
-statues of saints in the
Phil. Have heads and arms
made of ivory
-it cracks like wood
Terra Cotta

-literally means “cooked earth”

-coarse clay product fired at low
temperature
-usually coated with heavy glazed
-breaks and chips easily
-cannot stand great strain or
weight
Other Materials

Brass
Clay
Copper
Glass
Gold
Jade
Lead
Plaster
Steel
Brass
Clay
Copper
Glass
Gold
Jade
Lead
Plaster
Steel
Architecture
Architecture is the art of
designing and constructing a
building. It is by definition
functional.

The type of construction

determines the choice of
materials to be used.
Types of Construction
Post and Lintel
-the earliest type of
construction
-consists of two vertical posts
for support (post) and a
horizontal one (lintel)
Lintel

Post
Parthenon in Athens, Greece
Types of Construction
Arch
-dominant in Roman
architecture
-built from pieces of wood
called voussoirs with joints
between them and are
arranged in a semi-circle.
Types of Construction
Arch

All materials in an arch are in compression.

The dome is an extension of the principle of

the arch. It is a roof resembling an inverted
cup or hemisphere, formed by rounded
arches or vaults rising from a round or
many-sided base.
voussoirs
Types of Construction
Cantilever
-any structural part projecting
horizontally and anchored at one end only.

This method of construction needs a beam

with a great tensile strength that can be
securely fastened at the supported end.
Cantilever
Wood is the common building
material today. It’s advantages are
its abundance, relative durability,
and high tensile and compression
strength. However, it is easily
destroyed by moisture, insect, and
fire.

A new material, plywood, has greatly

improved the structural
possibilities of wood. Plywood
comes in thin sheets.
Stone is the material used in most of
the great architecture where
permanence is desired.

Concrete is a building material made

of sand and gravel mixed with cement.

For stronger structures, ferro-concrete

or reinforced concrete is used.
Steel is a tough alloy of iron in
variable amounts. It is
malleable under proper
conditions and hardened by
sudden cooling.