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SGD OB1
SGD OB1
• Cervical effacement
• The first stage of labor is the interval between the onset of labor and full cervical dilation (10
cm). The first stage is further divided into two phases:
• (1) The latent phase of labor encompasses cervical effacement and early dilation, and
• (2) the active phase of labor, during which more rapid cervical dilation occurs, usually begin
ning at approximately 4 cm up to full dilatation
The second stage of labor encompasses complete cer-vical dilation
through the delivery of the infant.
The fetus usually descends to where the occipital portion of the fetal
head is the lowermost part in the pelvis, and it rotates toward the largest
pelvic segment.
1. Engagement
2. Flexion
3. Descent
4. Internal rotation
5. Extension
6. External rotation or restitution
7. Expulsion
Engagement is defined as descent of the biparietal diameter of the head
below the plane of the pelvic inlet, sug- gested clinically by palpation
of the presenting part below the level of ischial spines (zero station).
External rotation occurs after delivery of the head as the head rotates
to “face forward” rel- ative to its shoulders. This is known as
restitution, followed rapidly by delivery of the body, expulsion.