Energy

What is energy?
Energy is the capacity of doing work
It’s unit is joule
 Types of energy
• Mechanical energy- When machine runs
• Chemical energy- A battery has chemical
energy
• Electrical energy-An electric bulb glows
• Gravitational potential energy- work against or
favour of gravity; When we raise
A bucket of water from ground floor to upper
floor.
• Heat energy- sun, stove,heater
• Nuclear energy- Energy from nuclear reactor by
splitting or combining atom/nucleus
• Geothermal energy- heat from earth center, heat
of magma/lava under volcano is the source of
this energy
• Electro static energy- two objects friction
produces static electrical energy
• etc
 Transfer of energy/conversion
• Electrical to heat energy: Electric heater transfer
electric energy to heat energy
• Mechanical to kinetic: a car uses petrol to move
along the road
• Kinetic energy electrical: A generator or bicycle
dynamo
• Chemical to kinetic and heat: A cyclist use the
chemical energy in food to paddle his cycle and
he feels hot .
• Electrical to heat and light: An eletric bulb
• Questions: give five more examples of energy
transfer
 Conservation of energy
Energy is not created or destroyed in any process.
Example: when a car moves, it uses fuel (chemical energy)
,transfer it into mechanical energy to kinetic energy along
with heat energy which is lost in the surrounding.
Energy Diagram/Sankey Diagram

Example:Bow and Arrow

Energy input
Mechanical Precess
Energy output
work by Stretching bow
Kinetic energy of
stretching string and releasing
moving arrow
and bow arrow
 Efficiency
• Efficiency=Useful energy output from the
system/Total energy input to the system
• =Useful energy output from the system/Total
energy input to the system*100%
• H.W.: Solve exercise Q/A and problems of this
chapter from your text book