Mar 21,2019 (Thurs) - Calina (Good Citizenship - . .)

Cultivating Good Citizenship Values
and Ethical Leadership:
DR. LIZAN E. PERANTE-CALINA

March 21, 2019
Objectives
For the participants to be more aware of our basic
values as a people in order to fight/respond to basic
ills of our country
To identify one’s personal contribution to the

movement to end ills of society, including graft
and corruption, using the good citizenship values
as framework
To be motivated to do our best, using our particular

positions, resources and capabilities to nurture these
basic values among all within our sphere of influence
Atienza-Salvana cited by Faina for CLCD-4L

Figure 1. Governance Reform Framework (Brillantes and
Perante-Calina 2018)
Communication
INSTITUTIONS
Political / Administrative
Efficiency, Effectiveness, Economy
Ethics, Equity & Accountability (5Es + 1A)
VISION
SDGs
Mindsets Ambisyon Natin Citizen
Behavior 2040 Engagement
Paradigms
Leadership
Phronetic
GLOCALIZATION COOPETITION

Why do Filipinos
behave the way they do
and not otherwise?
PAMANTAYA
N
Courtesy of Luigi Peralta, PA 209 Class and DILG
FOCUS QUESTION
BASED ON YOUR OBSERVATIONS AND

KNOWLEDGE, PLEASE CITE SOME
ETHICAL ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
CONFRONTING YOUR ORGANIZATION IN
PARTICULAR AND THE PHILIPPINE
BUREAUCRACY IN GENERAL.
CONTEXT
FOCUS QUESTION 1
WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON A METACARD

PH public sector hounded by issues and
challenges in governance
Brillantes and Perante-Calina 2018


‘BUREAUPATHOLOGY’
and
BUREAUCRATIC MALAISE
Victor Thompson (1960)

Bureaupathology is concerned with the

dysfunctional and irrational aspects of
bureaucracy, and can be defined as the set of
problems that arise from exaggerated
bureaucratic controls.
Elements of bureaupathology include routinization, reliance on regulations and resistance to

organizational changes.. The term was apparently coined by Victor Thompson (1960)
(see https://everything2.com/ title/bureaupathology;
https://clarotesting.wordpress.com/tag/bureaupathology-the- denigration-of-competence-edward-j-
giblin/).

Common Bureaupathologies from A-Z
CAIDEN 1991
Abuse of
Authority/power/position Carelessness
Account Padding Chiseling
Alienation Coercion
Anoxeria Complacency
Arbitrarines Compulsiveness
Arrogance Conflict of Interest/Objectives
Bias Confusion
Blurring issues Conspiracy
Boondoggles Corruption
Bribery Counter-productiveness
Bureaucratese Cowardice
(unintelligibility) Criminality
Busywork
Empire-building
Deadwood Excessive social
Deceit and deception costs/complexity
Dedication to status quo Exploitation
Defective goods Extortion
Delay Extravagance
Deterioration Failure to
Discourtesy acknowledge/act/answer/respo
Discrimination nd
Diseconomies of size Favoritism
Displacement of Fear of change, innovation,
goals/objectives risk
Dogmatism Finagling
Dramaturgy Footdragging
Framing
Gamesmanship
Gattopardismo (superficiality)
Ghost employees
Gobbledygood/jargon
Highhandedness
Indecision (decidophobla)
Ignorance
Indifference
Illegality
Indiscipline
Impervious to
Ineffectiveness
criticism/suggestion
Ineptitude
Improper motivation
Inertia
Inability to learn
Inferior quality
Inaccessibility
Inflexibility
Inaction
Inhumanity
Inadequate rewards and
Injustice
incentives
Insensitivity
Inadequate working
Insolence
conditions
Intimidation
Inappropriateness
Irregularity
Incompatible tasks
Irrelevance
Incompetence
Irresolution
Inconvenience
Irresponsibility
Kleptocracy Malfeasance
Lack of Commitment Malice
Lack of Coordination Malignity
Lack of Meaningless/make work
creativity/experimentation Mediocrity
Lack of credibility Mellownizaton
Lack initiative Mindless job performance
Lack of imagination Miscommunication
Lack of performance Misconduct
indicators Misfeasance
Lack of vision Misinformation
Lawlessness Misconduct
Laxity Misplaced zeal
Leadership vacuums
Nepotism
Negligence/neglect
Neuroticism Paperasserie
Nonaccountability Paranoia
Noncommunication Patronage
Nonfeasance Payoffs and kickbacks
Nonproductivity Perversity
Obscurity Phony contracts
Obstruction Pointless activity
Officiousness Procrastination
Oppression Punitive supervision
Overkill
Oversight
Overspread
Overstaffing
Red tape
Slick bookkeeping
Reluctance to delegate Sloppiness
Reluctance to take Social astigmatism (failure to see
decisions problems
Reluctance to take Soul-destroying work
responsibility Spendthrift
Spoils
Remoteness Stagnation
Rigidity/brittleness Stalling
Rip-offs Stonewalling
Ritualism Suboptimization
Rudeness Sycophancy
Tail-chasing
Sabotage Tampering
Scams Territorial imperative
Secrecy Theft
Self-perpetuation Tokenism
Self-serving Tunnel vision
Unclear objectives
Unfairness
Unnecessary work
Unprofessional conduct
Unreasonableness
Unsafe conditions
Unsuitable premises and equipment
Usurpatory
Vanity
Vested interest
Vindictiveness
Waste
Whim
Xenophobia
Common Bureaupathologies
ici en t an d
Ineff
r o d u ct iv e
unp
Cyberloafing or cyberslacking –
employees using organizational computer tablets,
and smart phones for nonproductive activities like
surfing the web for personal information, playing
games, posting FB messages, or shopping and
chatting online (cited by Abdulrauf 2017).
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-
y13IIBnQkZE/TqTYuAUsY9I/AAAAAAAAC_8/8mRSaXVVbRo/w1200-h630-
‘bureaupathology’ and bureaucratic malaise
may be attributed to the
FAILURE OF, OR LACK OF,

LEADERSHIP
lack of resources, including financial
resources,
lack of capacities in the bureaucracy.
http://d20eq91zdmkqd.cloudfront.net/assets/images/book/large/9780/4137/9780413777089.jpg
PAMANTAYA 
N
It embodies the dominant definitions,
premises and postulates of shared
meanings underlying what are
acceptable ways of thinking, believing
and doing things, or what is good,
beautiful and true in life.

PAMANTAYA
N
HALAGA
ASAL
DIWA

https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAEAAQAAAAAAAATnAAAAJDBkMjg3MDQ4LTYwMTUtNDU3MS05YzNjLW
E4ZjA2NDY2ZTE4OQ.jpg
LAYING THE PREMISE
CONSTITUTIONALLY-BASED ETHICS
LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
LEGAL MECHANISMS
NATIONAL VALUES
CONSTITUTION AS THE BASIS FOR GOOD
CITIZENSHIP AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
Article XI, Accountability of Public Officers
1987 Philippine Constitution
Section 1. Public office is a public trust. Public officers and

employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve
them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and
efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest
lives.
CONSTITUTION AS THE BASIS FOR GOOD CITIZENSHIP AND
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
1987 Philippine Constitution
The Preamble
“WE, THE SOVEREIGN FILIPINO PEOPLE, IMPLORING THE AID OF

ALMIGHTY GOD, IN ORDER TO BUILD A JUST AND HUMANE SOCIETY
AND ESTABLISH A GOVERNMENT THAT SHALL EMBODY OUR IDEALS
AND ASPIRATIONS, PROMOTE THE COMMON GOOD, CONSERVE AND
DEVELOP OUR PATRIMONY, AND SECURE TO OURSELVES AND OUR
POSTERITY THE BLESSINGS OF INDEPENDENCE AND DEMOCRACY
UNDER THE RULE OF LAW AND A REGIME OF TRUTH, JUSTICE,
FREEDOM, LOVE, EQUALITY, AND PEACE, DO ORDAIN AND
PROMULGATE THIS CONSTITUTION.”
Not that these words are unimportant - “economy” or

“efficiency.”
But you discover other words like honesty, integrity, fairness,

liberty, justice, patriotism, compassion, love—and many others
which describe what human beings ought to be.
These are the same words which describe what a government of

human beings ought to be.
Rosenbloom
CITIZENSHIP VALUES AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
• The Preamble opens the door to ethics, values and moral

formation
• Introduces the basic law of the land and we can find in it the
basic values that the Filipino people hold dear, which also serve
as premise to the law
Abante (2004)
Elements of the Preamble

• Sovereignty of the Filipino people (independence and democracy)
• Recognition of, and faith, in the Almighty God
• Justice
• Humanity  Embody the Filipino’s ideals and aspirations
• Rule of law
 Promote the common good
• Truth
• Freedom  Conserve and develop our patrimony
• Love
• Equality  Secure to the Filipino and their posterity the
blessings of independence and democracy
• Peace under the rule of law and regime of truth,
• Establishment that justice, freedom, love, equality and peace
CITIZENSHIP VALUES AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
Book V, Executive Order No. 292, Instituting the

Administrative Code of 1987
Republic Act No. 6713, Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards

for Public Officials and Employees, Section 2 (1989)
Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in Civil Services (Update)

KEY CONCEPTS: GOOD CITIZENSHIP
AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
Ethics is defined as the “traditional
manners, customs, habits or character of a
community or group, which pertain to the
groups’ standards or norms.”
It encompasses what is sometimes called the

“system of values” which determines what
is considered “good,” “right,” or the “proper
way of living, of acting, of doing.” (Reyes,
R.C.)
Brillantes, et. al, Module 3, Local Governance University
Ethics is defined as a moral choice between
right and wrong.
It involves a moral duty and obligation

Civil Service Commission, Ethics and Productivity,
http://www/csc.gov.ph/, May 11, 2010
Ethics provides the moral and legal bases for

guiding personal conduct in different
circumstances and situations and are reflected
in laws and regulations, codes of behavior and
professional standards.
Dwivedi, Engelbert 1981:143, cited in the lecture-material of Prof.
Kim, Young Jong, UP-NCPAG, PA 209 SY 2009-2010
LEADERSHIP IS KEY
SEARCH FOR LEADERS

HAS BEEN AS OLD AS
HISTORY: DIOGENES IN
320 BC
Phronetic Leadership or Wise Leadership
PRACTICAL WISDOM TO CHOOSE

THE RIGHT COURSE OF ACTION IN
COMPLEX SITUATIONS (NONAKA
AND VELTEKORPI 2006, AS CITED
BY HIROSE 2013).
This kind of leadership is referred to as

“Phronesis - a set of virtuous habits
of making decisions and taking
actions that serve the common good”
(Hirose 2013).
PHRONETIC LEADERSHIP
The Concept for the Wise Leader
Phronesis means
Prudence
Nonaka, n.d. 2014, Cultural Flow International

What is Practical Wisdom
A virtuous habit of making the
“right decisions”
Taking “right actions”

in the particular context with values and ethics that serve
the common good.
A capability to find a in particular context.

“right answer”
The Concept for the Wise Leader
Leadership is the capability to
coherently direct
Leadership is determined by context

Nonaka, n.d. 2014, Cultural Flow International
Basic Values of Good Citizenship
Good Citizenship Movement - advocacy for promoting

and nurturing basic values among all sectors began in
early January 2001.
The movement was launched in 2003.
The path to the full realization of our national vision of

a just and humane society is the living and sharing of
these basic values; recognized both in Government and
in civil society.
What is Good Citizenship?
Good citizenship means “huwarang mamamayan”

in Tagalog (LGA).
Good citizenship is living the values enshrined in our

Philippine Constitution.

What is Good Citizenship?
Good citizens are law abiding,
help others in their community and have good personal

traits, such as patience, honesty and understanding
towards other people – among others.
http://api.ning.com/files/GWkGjguSHb9rT0an-KBOtY*2*ssiEkgSFmU*-sDwYlvB-
F8cQBMTE7ZcPZErSTwtnbJm4zowalZuxsNSoHtXydncPTflzggk/Slide1.jpg
Atienza-Salvana cited by Faina for CLCD-4L 2017
Our values as a people are enshrined in the Philippine

Constitution.
These Filipino values are the basic good citizenship values

(GCVs).
They are also the basic values of good governance.

CONTEXTUALIZING
GOOD GOVERNANCE
Brillantes and Perante-Calina, Making Reform Happen (MRH) 2013

CONTEXTUALIZING
GOOD GOVERNANCE
http://l.yimg.com/fz/api/res/1.2/t.JUGHHueHIgB
omIE6BuZw--/YXBwaWQ9c3JjaGRkO2g9MzYwO3
E9OTU7dz02NDA-/http://blogs.civicus.org/world
assembly/files/2012/07/Global-Governance.jpg
GOOD GOVERNANCE AS DEFINED
“INVOLVES THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF A SYSTEM

THROUGH WHICH CITIZENS, INSTITUTIONS,
ORGANIZATIONS, AND GROUPS IN A SOCIETY
ARTICULATE THEIR INTERESTS, EXERCISE THEIR
RIGHTS, AND MEDIATE THEIR DIFFERENCES IN PURSUIT
OF THE COLLECTIVE GOOD”
-ADB 1995, AS CITED IN ADB 2005: 1

GOOD GOVERNANCE AS DEFINED
THE EXERCISE OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND

ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY TO MANAGE A
NATION’S AFFAIRS.
IT EMBRACES ALL OF METHODS- GOOD AND BAD –

THAT SOCIETIES USE TO DISTRIBUTE POWER AND
MANAGE PUBLIC RESOURCES AND PROBLEMS”
- UNDP, 1997: 9
ACTORS IN
GOVERNANCE
CHURCH
YOUTH
CIVIL
GOVERN- SOCIETY
INT’L MENT
DONORS ORGANI-
ZATIONS
MEDIA BUSINESS
SECTOR STUDENTS
Those who may play a role in decision- making
or in influencing the decision-making process.

MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF
TRANSPA
RESPONS
ACCOUN
PARTICIP
RULE OF
LAW
TABILITY
IVENESS
RENCY
ATION
GOOD GOVERNANCE
http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/good-governance.pdf
TRANSPARENCY
Information is freely available and directly

accessible to those who will be affected by
such decisions and their enforcement.
It also means that enough information is
provided and that it is provided in easily
understandable forms and media.
http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/g
ood-governance.pdf
http://topwalls.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/maldives-
transparent-water-and-blue-sky.jpg
ACCOUNTABILITY
Making a person answerable for his

actions under the pain of sanction and
such is a “fundamental value for any
political system” (Peters 2007:15).
Accountability cannot be enforced
without transparency and the rule of law.
http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/go
od-governance.pdf
http://l.yimg.com/fz/api/res/1.2/uL3PVyNo.BxKPuKG4PN4Ow--/YXBwa
WQ9c3JjaGRkO2g9MjkxO3E9OTU7dz01Nzg-/https://media.licdn.com/
mpr/mpr/p/6/005/06f/391/369307c.jpg
RULE OF LAW
Good governance requires fair legal

frameworks that are enforced
impartially.
- full protection of human rights,
particularly those of minorities,
children, and women
http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/goo
d-governance.pdf
Source:
http://l.yimg.com/fz/api/res/1.2/EkbCt8ZJV4NqJIPUHv7UBw--/YXBwaWQ9c3JjaGRkO2g9NjE1O3E9OTU7dz00MDA-/http://images3.e
RESPONSIVENESS
Good governance requires

that institutions and
processes try to serve all
stakeholders within a
reasonable timeframe.
http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/
good-governance.pdf
http://ba5137420c54bf2d4356-
5030201674c729b9ee184c866197d6e1.r57.cf1.rackcdn.com/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2013/07/Responsiveness-5-Tips-for-Dealing-with-
Deadlines-200x170.jpg
PARTICIPATION
Participation by both men and

women is a key cornerstone
of good governance.
http://topwalls.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/maldives-
transparent-water-and-blue-sky.jpg
Source:
http://www.sparksite.co.uk/client_assets/entry_sandbox/participation_and_inv
olvement_children_young_people_parents_and_carers_wiltshire/participation
Good citizenship and good governance are the two pillars

which are the foundation of
stability, progress, long-term well-being of our country.
Both pillars have the basic values of the Filipino people as

their foundation and framework.
Strong Pillars of a Good Nation
Good Citizenship + Good Governance
https://randpipp.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/singlepillar.jpg
PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT Malasakit, Pagbabago At
PLAN (2017-2022) Kaunlaran
“Ambisyon Natin 2040
WHAT’S THE GOAL?
Development Thrusts
Malasakit
To enable Filipinos to attain a “matatag, maginhawa at

panatag na buhay.” Ernesto M. Pernia
Socioeconomic Planning Secretary
http://www.neda.gov.ph/2017/02/21/neda-board-approves-philippine-development-plan-2017-2022/
The Call for Good Citizenship Values
WHAT IT MEANS TO BE A FILIPINO?

For each Filipino citizen to live what has been
referred to as the “basic values of the Filipino
people,” or the good citizenship values (GCVs).

The Call for Good Citizenship Values
To what extent are the basic values of the Filipino

people as a people being lived by each individual
Filipino as a person, a citizen?
Ano nga ba ang masasabi nating diwa ng sambayanang
Filipino?
Anong katutubong kabutihan at pagpapahalaga ang
naka-ugat sa atin bilang isang bansa?

Basic Filipino Values
Various values have been referred to as being part

of the Filipino psyche.
All seem to agree that the Filipino people are a
people who are
“maka-Diyos, maka-tao, maka-bayan, maka-

kalikasan”.
National Motto
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8491
AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF THE

NATIONAL FLAG, ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-
ARMS AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND
DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES.
“Flag and Heraldic Code of the

Philippines”
F. Pledge to the Flag
SECTION 25. The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to
the Philippine Flag:
Ako ay Filipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan, at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos,
Makatao,
Makakalikasan, at
Makabansa.
Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right
hand palm open raised shoulder high.
Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them

from making such pledge must nonetheless show full
respect when the pledge is being rendered by standing at
attention.
Four Main Aspects of Morality
Religious morality is concerned with human beings in relationship
to a supernatural being or beings.
Morality and nature are concerned with human beings in

relationship to nature.
Individual morality is concerned with human beings in relationship

to themselves.
Social morality is concerned with human

beings in relationship to other human beings.
Thiroux and Krasemann 2012
Four Main Aspects of Morality
TEN COMMANDMENTS
NATIONAL MOTTO
(Maka-Tao, Maka-Diyos, Makakalikasan, Makabansa)
CONSTITUTION
FILIPINO VALUES
Characteristics of a Good Filipino Citizen
The basic values of a mature individual are manifested
in his decision-making and manifested behavior.
This must also be true of each mature Filipino citizen
who is “maka-Diyos, maka-tao, maka-bayan, and maka-
kalikasan”.
Basic Values of the Basic Values of
Filipino People = a Good Citizen
https://randpipp.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/singlepillar.jpg
FAINA 2017
THE BASIC VALUES OF THE FILIPINO CITIZEN WHO IS MAKA-DIYOS
Faith in Almighty God
Respect for life
Order
Work
Concern for the family and future generations

THE BASIC VALUES OF THE FILIPINO CITIZEN WHO IS MAKA-TAO
Love
Freedom
Peace
Truth
Justice

THE BASIC VALUES OF THE FILIPINO CITIZEN WHO IS MAKA-BAYAN
Unity
Equality
Respect for law and Government
Patriotism
Promotion of the common good

THE BASIC VALUES OF THE FILIPINO CITIZEN WHO IS MAKA-KALIKASAN
Concern for the Environment
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
9c_Mk4eL51c/UhVfWyS79OI/AAAAAAAACho/TUXcFixfFoU/s1600/environme
nt+(1).jpg
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE
GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES ARE
NOT LIVED?


Good citizenship
Action Vision
Values
Criminality, killings, injuries, Just and Humane

recklessness, chaos, accidents, low Society ?
productivity, unhappy homes,
broken homes, neglected children,
drug addiction, oppression, lack of
motivation, mediocrity, violence as
a way of life, graft and corruption,
self-centeredness, kanya-kanya,
crab-mentality, lack of vision,
persistent poverty, huge rich-poor
gaps, pollution, landslides, loss of
plant and animal species
https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/10/20/1635480/un-rights-
body-worried-drug-killings
http://cnnphilippines.com/incoming/v172vq-war-on-drugs-what-is-the-right-method-
CNNPH.jpg/ALTERNATES/LANDSCAPE_640/war-on-drugs-what-is-the-right-method-CNNPH.jpg
Brillantes 2012
https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&hl=en-PH&gbv
https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&hl=en-PH&gbv
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=INFORMAL+SETTLERS
ADAPTED THIS SLIDE WITH PERMISSION FROM DR. ALEX B. BRILLANTES, JR.,
PRESENTED TO PASIG CITY GOVERNMENT FOR “AGILITY AND INNOVATIONS IN PUBLIC SERVICE.”
Brillantes 2012
Brillantes 2012
E
P
A
L
Brillantes 2012
E
P
A
L
Brillantes 2012
Brillantes 2012
https://www.philippinenewsnow.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/08/1502515368_373_nalito-sa-pinya-pna-uses-wrong-dole-logo-for-
DND misfires, uses Taiwan emblem as China donates rifles
http://www.interaksyon.com/dnd-misfires-uses-taiwan-emblem-as-china-donates-rifles/
Remember
Good citizenship actions proceed from good citizenship

values.
Without Good Governance and Good Citizenship Values,

our City/Town and other Government Leaders can never
hope to govern and lead well in the eyes of the people
and most of all in the eyes of a Supreme Being.

Remember
“Good citizenship values lead to good citizenship actions.”
Problems besetting Philippine society are contradictions of these values.

That’s why accountability is a
big deal in Government
PUBLIC OFFICE
IS A PUBLIC
TRUST
CEBU CITY
GOVERNMENT
CITY HALL
VALUES AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
Accountability as one of the philosophies of

good governance is imperative in the
politico- administrative system wherein
public officials are answerable for their
behavior under pain of sanctions.
According to Waldt (2004:14), accountability also means

“establishing criteria to measure the performance of public
officials as well as oversight mechanisms to ensure that the
standards are met.”
VALUES AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
Accountability means “answerability, responsibility,
explicability.”
Public accountability is the responsibility for exercising power

(Reichard 1998:132).
It rests both on giving an account and being held to account

(Stewart 1994:75) quoted in Reichard 1998:132).
Putting it all together, Alfiler (1995:401) broadly defined

accountability as “a condition in which individuals who exercise
power are constrained by external means and internal norms.”
Brillantes, et. al, Module 3, Local Governance University

Premise: Nature and Purpose of Government and Why
Accountability is a big deal in Government?
Carino (1990) pointed out why accountability is such a big deal in

government
o Government plays a primary role in society; it is suppose to

orchestrate development and mediate among contending forces
o Government is a most pervasive institution, being the country’s

largest employer, chief regulator, and major producer of
essential goods and services
o Government corruption touches all citizens – as beneficiaries, as

source of diverted funds (as taxpayers) and as victims of the
misplaced allocation
The Scope of Public Service
Public service is a public trust.
Citizens expect public servants to serve the public interest

with fairness and to manage public resources properly on
a daily basis.
Fair and reliable public services inspire public trust.
Public service ethics is a prerequisite to, and underpin,

public trust, and is a keystone of good governance
(OECD 2000)
Accountability mechanism
Alfiler (1995), citing Chandler and Plano (1982) relates the

concept of accountability to the concept of corruption and
bureaucratic red tape that when there is accountability, the
incidence of corruption and red tape is lessened.
Alfiler (1995) citing Chandler and Plano (1982)

PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT Malasakit, Pagbabago At
PLAN (2017-2022) Kaunlaran
“Ambisyon Natin 2040
Strategies and
Development Thrusts
promoting awareness of anti-corruption

Malasakit measures C = M + D-A (Klitgaard 1989)
 improving the productivity of the public sector

 implementing regulatory reforms
 increasing access to legal aid
 pursuing corrections reform, and
 promoting culture-sensitive governance and development. Ernesto M. Pernia
Socioeconomic Planning Secretary
http://www.neda.gov.ph/2017/02/21/neda-board-approves-philippine-development-plan-2017-2022/
Accountability mechanism
Laws on Accountability
• 1987 Philippine Constitution
• Administrative Code of 1987
• Republic Act No. 6713 (Code of Conduct and Ethical

Standards for Public Officials and Employees)
• Republic Act No. 9485 (Anti Red Tape Act of 2007)

CORRUPTION AS DEFINED
C = M + D – A.
Corruption equals monopoly plus discretion minus accountability.
This suggests that decreasing either or both “Monopoly and Power”

and “Discretion” in government transactions, and/or increasing the
“Accountability” of public officials, will correspondingly reduce
“Corruption” Klitgaard (1988) cited in Ursal, 2006: 2
C = M + D + O–A– E (O-opportunity; E – Ethics)
Brillantes, Caronan and Perante-Calina (2018)


Why do Filipinos
behave the way they do
and not otherwise?
PAMANTAYA
N
PAMANTAYA 
N
It embodies the dominant definitions,
premises and postulates of shared
meanings underlying what are
acceptable ways of thinking, believing
and doing things, or what is good,
beautiful and true in life.

REVISITING CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES
(RA 6713)
Commitment to public interest
Professionalism
Justness and sincerity
Political neutrality
Responsiveness to the public
Nationalism and patriotism
Commitment to democracy
Simple living
PROFESSIONALISM
Public officials and employees shall perform and

discharge their duties with the highest degree of
excellence, professionalism, intelligence and skill.
https://xerte.cardiff.ac.uk/play_4271
COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC
INTEREST
Public officials and employees shall
always
• uphold the public interest over and

above personal interest
• avoid wastage in public funds and
revenues
https://abaforlawstudents.com/2012/03/01/passion-commitment-and-a-desire-to-serve-is-public-interest-law-for-you/
JUSTNESS AND SINCERITY
Public officials and employees shall remain true to the
people at all times.
They must act with justness and sincerity and shall not
discriminate against anyone, especially the poor and
the underprivileged.
https://artplusmarketing.com/equality-equity-freedom-55a1d675b5d8
POLITICAL NEUTRALITY
Public officials and employees shall provide service
to everyone without unfair discrimination and
regardless of party affiliation or preference.
https://www.google.co.id/search?q=political+neutrality&safe=strict&source
RESPONSIVENESS TO THE PUBLIC
Public officials and employees shall extend prompt, courteous,

and adequate service to the public.
Ensure openness of information, public consultations and

hearings whenever appropriate, encourage suggestions,
simplify and systematize policy, rules and procedures, avoid
red tape
https://inaracetoserve.wordpress.com/2014/02/27/csc-usaid-partner-to-cut-red-tape/
NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM
Public officials and
employees shall at all times
be loyal to the Republic and
to the Filipino people,
promote the use of locally
produced goods, resources
and technology and
encourage appreciation and
pride of country and people.
https://www.ipophil.gov.ph/releases/2014-09-22-06-26-21/770-the-
philippine-flag-as-a-trademark
COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY
Public officials and employees
shall commit themselves to the
democratic way of life and
values, maintain the principle
of public accountability, and
manifest by deeds the
supremacy of civilian authority
over the military.
https://fee.org/articles/defining-democracy-through-thick-and-thin/
SIMPLE LIVING
Public officials and employees and their families shall

lead modest lives appropriate to their positions and
income.
They shall not indulge in extravagant or ostentatious

display of wealth in any way.
PATRIOTISM


PAMANTAYA
N
HALAGA
ASAL
DIWA
?
How come, we 
Filipinos, violate all
known rules and
regulations in the
conduct of our
public affairs?
Are these practices
cultural or not? Can we
say that indeed
Filipinos are latak na?
(beyond help)Courtesy of Luigi Peralta, PA 209 Class and DILG

All points raised not
only highlights our
inadequacies in
running our public
affairs but also
reflect our deep
frustrations with
our national
performance in
social and
economic
development.

PHL competitiveness falls most in Asia
May 24, 2018 | 2:01 am
The Philippines ranked 50th out of 63 economies in

IMD World Competitiveness Center’s annual World
Competitiveness Rankings, nine notches down from its
41st place last year, and
13th among 14 covered Asia-Pacific economies, just

ahead of Mongolia (62nd globally) and right behind
India (44th).
http://bworldonline.com/phl-competitiveness-falls-
most-in-asia/
Philippines is laggard in
competitiveness
The WCY ranks the competitiveness

of countries based on 4 pillars –
• economic performance,
• government efficiency,
• business efficiency, and
• infrastructure.
The Philippines dropped in rank

across all factors in the latest rankings
(https://www.rappler.com/business/203241-world-competitive-
yearbook-2018-philippines-worst-drop)
http://bworldonline.com/wp-
content/uploads/2018/05/WorldCompetitiveness_052418.jpg
Duterte signs Ease of Doing Business Act 5-28-18
Ease of Doing Business Act (Republic Act 11032) amends Anti-Red

Tape Act 2007 (RA 9485)
• delivering on a campaign promise to make government transactions

faster.
• addresses the failure of the Anti-Red Tape Act of [2007] to solve the
perennial problem of bureaucratic red tape in our government
institutions,” (Duterte)
• “will introduce simplified requirements and streamlined procedures that

will finally spare our people from the intolerable waiting time and long
lines in frontline government agencies.”
• The law requires government agencies to act on applications within 3

days for simple transactions, 7 days for complex ones and 20 days for
the highly technical.
http://news.abs-cbn.com/business/05/28/18/duterte-signs-ease-of-doing-business-act



What then is the
more plausible
reason which can
guide us to find
solution to our
problems in making
this nation move
forward?


INNER
INCONGRUENCE


EXOGENOUS INDIGENOUS

SURFACE
MODEL Legal
Formal
Rigid
Confrontational EXOGENOUS
Individual merit
Customary
Non-Formal
INDIGENOUS
Flexible
Non-
Confrontational
DEEPER Consensus
MODEL Courtesy of Luigi Peralta, PA 209 Class and DILG

INNER
INCONGRUENCE
EXOGENOUS INDIGENOUS
CYNICISM


May

May Damdam May
Sampalata Pagmama
GALANG
ya sa UGNAYAN
ing PANANAGUTAN
hal sa
Maykapal Makaba Pamilya
nsa
May May May

Mithiing Naising
BALIKATAN
Paggalang BAYANIHAN MALASAKIT
sa Kapwa Pagkakaug Pagkakais
nay-ugnay a


If these ideals and moral precepts

are taught as shared values, they
can serve as the new moral
consensus which will help fulfil
our dream of nationhood.

Agenda for the Future
We should not lose our identity as a people or our bearing as a nation and
in face of alien influences brought about by rapid global industrialization
by:
a. Preserving the national heritage – to give historical depth to our

consciousness of our value as a people, strengthen our identity and pride of
our country
b. Defining national values

• May sampalataya sa Maykapal
• May damdaming Maka-Bansa
• May pagmamahal sa Pamilya
• May paggalang sa Kapwa
• May mithiing Pagkakaugnay-ugnay
• May naising Pagkakaisa JOCANO 1992
Agenda for the Future
To give moral substance and meaning to this set of national values,
the following traditional values must prevail:
a. Galang
b. Uganayan
c. Pananagutan
d. Balikatan
e. Bayanihan
f. Malasakit
JOCANO 1992
A Map - of Sorts
Ethical obligations of the public administrator with special reference
to the United States
1. Obligation to the Constitution

2. Obligation to Law
3. Obligation to Nation or Country
4. Obligation to Democracy
5. Obligation to Organizational-Bureaucratic Norms
6. Obligation to Profession and Professionalism
7. Obligation to Family and Friends
8. Obligation to Self
9. Obligation to Middle-Range Collectivities
10.Obligation to the Public Interest or General Welfare
11.Obligation to Humanity or the World
12.Obligation to Religion, or to God
Waldo, 1980
The core values of Filipinos are embedded in the Preamble of the
Philippine Constitution, according to Dr. Jose ‘Pepe’ Abueva former
President of the University of the Philippines
(Pasig City Citizen’s Charter, A Guidebook on City Services, 2010:13)
He articulated that Filipinos can attest their resolve in

these values by asking themselves the following:
 Do I work with and cooperate with others? (Unity)
 Do I consider what is good for my country in my actions, e.g.

when I vote for public officials? (Patriotism)
 Do I pray and follow God’s will and commandments? (Faith in

Almighty God)
 Do I earn my keep honestly and do my best in everything I do?

(Work)
 Do I take care of my health and care about the health of

others? (Respect for life)
 Do I faithfully abide by all laws and refuse to give or accept Do

I respect the freedom of others and use my freedom for good?
(Freedom)
 Do I care for others and share with them what I have? (Love)
 Do I treat everyone with respect regardless of status or

position? (Equality)
 Do I maintain a harmonious relationship with others at home,

at work and in the community? (Peace)
 Do I participate actively in community building and consider

the welfare of others in my decisions and actions? (Promotion
of the Common Good)
 Do I meet my responsibilities to my family, raise my children

properly and live by example to safeguard them from harmful
and immoral influences? (Concern for the Family and Future
Generations)
 Do I conserve water, keep my surroundings clean? (Concern

for the Environment)
 Do I follow rules and practice discipline in fulfilling my

obligations? (Order)
These values embody good citizenship as it should be lived out by the

Filipino people.
Fighting Graft and Corruption
True and lasting development will be ours only if the basic values
are consistently and conscientiously upheld by all in Government,
all leaders in civil society, by the citizenry.
Whoever the key players in Government and civil society may be,
whatever structures and processes of Government we may have, the
future of our nation stands on the upholding of these basic GCVs.
This session seeks to lead readers/participants to a recognition of how acts of

graft and corruption violate our basic values as a people and to each one then
defining his personal contribution to the fight against graft and corruption.
GRAFT AND CORRUPTION Versus FILIPINO VALUES ENSHRINED IN THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION (Handout 3)
 GRAFT DEFINED: Graft is offering to receive, and/or

receiving, a bribe of money, property, or privilege from
someone in exchange for which the one committing the graft
makes the decision desired by the one giving the bribe.
 CORRUPTION DEFINED: Corruption is offering to give,

and/or giving, a bribe of money, property, or privilege to a
decision-maker in exchange for which the decision-maker
makes the decision desired by the one giving the bribe.
Fighting Corruption and Other Ills in Society
It may seem to some that the fight against graft and corruption
is not for everyone. In truth, every Filipino citizen is called to
take his place in this fight.
Graft and corruption is only one of the many problems in

Philippine society that urgently need to be solved. All these
problems are rooted in one way or another in the violation of
one or more of these basic GCVs.
Fighting Corruption and Other Ills in Society
The fight against graft and corruption can be won only if these
basic GCVs are upheld; so will our other problems be reduced,
and our potentials for growth achieved.
The fight to end graft and corruption with the GCVs as

framework will hopefully lead to many long-lasting beneficial
effects.
Nurturing the Basic Good Citizenship Values
In living these GCVs, one will be able to strengthen

his family, improve his productivity at work, take his
place in the fight against graft and corruption, help
eradicate poverty, and in various ways make his
personal contributions to our shared vision of a “just
and human society.”
Each one of us can be the HERO we are called to be.
Workshop 2
ASSESSMENT: ETHICAL ISSUES AND
CONCERNS
WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT VIRTUE THAT A
GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL OR EMPLOYEE MUST
POSSESS TOWARDS GOOD CITIZENSHIP AND
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP?
ALL TYPES OF LEADERSHIP ASSUME
INTEGRITY
AS A REQUISITE FOUNDATION FOR
MORAL ACTION
WORKSHOP 3
PLEDGE OF COMMITMENT
(Taking off from Workshop 2)
Parting Words
• As the Filipino people works towards improving moral
standards in Government and society, the Constitution
serves as basis for specifying values which must be at
the heart of all these efforts.
• These values need to be conscientiously and
consistently loved, shared by all Filipinos.
• Only through the “living and sharing” of these basic
values can the national vision of “a just and humane
society” be achieved.
Figure 1. Governance Reform Framework (Brillantes and
Perante-Calina 2018)
Communication
INSTITUTIONS
Political / Administrative
Efficiency, Effectiveness, Economy
Ethics, Equity & Accountability (5Es + 1A)
VISION
SDGs
Mindsets Ambisyon Natin Citizen
Behavior 2040 Engagement
Paradigms
Leadership
Phronetic
GLOCALIZATION COOPETITION
Maraming Salamat!!!
ANNEXES
Book V, Executive Order No. 292, Instituting the

Administrative Code of 1987
“State shall insure and promote the Constitutional mandate that
appointments in the Civil Service shall be made only according to
merit and fitness;
that the Civil Service Commission, as the central personnel
agency of the Government shall establish a career service, adopt
measures to promote morale, efficiency, integrity,
responsiveness, and courtesy in the civil service,
CONSTITUTION AS THE BASIS FOR GOOD CITIZENSHIP
strengthen the merit and rewards system, integrate all human

resources development programs for all levels and ranks, and
institutionalize a management climate conducive to public
accountability;
that public office is a public trust and public officers and

employees must at all times be accountable to the people; and
that personnel functions shall be decentralized, delegating the

corresponding authority to the departments, offices and agencies
where such functions can be effectively performed”.
Republic Act No. 6713, Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards

for Public Officials and Employees, Section 2 (1989)
It articulates that it is the policy of the State to promote a high

standard of ethics in public service.
Public officials and employees shall at all times be accountable

to the people and shall discharge their duties with utmost
responsibility, integrity, competence, and loyalty, act with
patriotism and justice, lead modest lives, and uphold public interest
over personal interest.
Act No. 3815. 1930.
An Act Revising the Penal Code and Other Penal Laws. Crimes
Against the Fundamental State of the Land, Book 2, Chapter 1, Title
II, Articles 124, 125, 128, 132 and Malfeasance and Misfeasance in
Office, Book 2, Chapter 2, Title VII.
Republic Act No. 3019. 1960.
“Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices.”

Act No. 3815. 1930.

An Act Revising the Penal Code and Other Penal Laws. Crimes
Against the Fundamental State of the Land, Book 2, Chapter 1,
Title II, Articles 124, 125, 128, 132
 Art. 124. Arbitrary detention. — Any public officer or employee

who, without legal grounds, detains a person, shall suffer x x x x
 Art. 125. Delay in the delivery of detained persons to the

proper judicial authorities.
• Art. 125. Delay in the delivery of detained persons to the proper

judicial authorities. —
• The penalties shall be imposed upon the public officer or

employee who shall detain any person for some legal ground
and shall fail to deliver such person to the proper judicial
authorities within the period of;
• 12 hours - crimes or offenses punishable by light penalties, or their

equivalent;
• 18 hours - crimes or offenses punishable by correctional penalties, or their
equivalent and
• 36 hours - crimes, or offenses punishable by afflictive or capital penalties, or
their equivalent.
• Art. 126. Delaying release. —
• Art. 127. Expulsion. — The penalty of prision correccional shall

be imposed upon any public officer or employee who, not being
thereunto authorized by law, shall expel any person from the
Philippine Islands or shall compel such person to change his
residence
Art. 128. Violation of domicile. —
The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum period shall be

imposed upon any public officer or employee who, not being
authorized by judicial order, shall enter any dwelling against the
will of the owner thereof, search papers or other effects found
therein without the previous consent of such owner, or having
surreptitiously entered said dwelling, and being required to leave
the premises, shall refuse to do so.
Art. 132. Interruption of religious worship. —
The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum period shall be

imposed upon any public officer or employee who shall prevent or
disturb the ceremonies or manifestations of any religion.
MALFEASANCE AND MISFEASANCE IN OFFICE
Section One. — Dereliction of duty
Art. 204. Knowingly rendering unjust judgment. — Any judge

who shall knowingly render an unjust judgment in any case
submitted to him for decision, shall be punished by prision mayor
and perpetual absolute disqualification.
Art. 205. Judgment rendered through negligence. — Any judge

who, by reason of inexcusable negligence or ignorance shall
render a manifestly unjust judgment in any case submitted to him
for decision shall be punished by arresto mayor and temporary
special disqualification.
Art. 206. Unjust interlocutory order.
Any judge who shall knowingly render an unjust interlocutory

order or decree shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor in its
minimum period and suspension;
but if he shall have acted by reason of inexcusable negligence or

ignorance and the interlocutory order or decree be manifestly
unjust, the penalty shall be suspension.
Art. 207. Malicious delay in the administration of justice. — The

penalty of prision correccional in its minimum period shall be
imposed upon any judge guilty of malicious delay in the
administration of justice.
Art. 208. Prosecution of offenses; negligence and tolerance. — The

penalty of prision correccional in its minimum period and
suspension shall be imposed upon any public officer, or officer of
the law, who, in dereliction of the duties of his office, shall
maliciously refrain from instituting prosecution for the punishment
of violators of the law, or shall tolerate the commission of offenses.
Art. 209. Betrayal of trust by an attorney or solicitor. — Revelation

of secrets.
In addition to the proper administrative action, the penalty of prision

correccional in its minimum period, or a fine ranging from 200 to
1,000 pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon any attorney-at-law or
solicitor ( procurador judicial) who, by any malicious breach of
professional duty or of inexcusable negligence or ignorance, shall
prejudice his client, or reveal any of the secrets of the latter learned
by him in his professional capacity.
Art. 210. Direct bribery. —
Any public officer who shall agree to perform an act constituting a

crime, in connection with the performance of this official duties, in
consideration of any offer, promise, gift or present received by
such officer, personally or through the mediation of another, shall
suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its medium and maximum
periods and a fine [of not less than the value of the gift and] not less
than three times the value of the gift in addition to the penalty
corresponding to the crime agreed upon, if the same shall have been
committed.
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
If the gift was accepted by the officer in consideration of the

execution of an act which does not constitute a crime, and
the officer executed said act, he shall suffer the same penalty
provided in the preceding paragraph; and
if said act shall not have been accomplished, the officer shall
suffer the penalties of prision correccional, in its medium period
and a fine of not less than twice the value of such gift.
If the object for which the gift was received or promised was to
make the public officer refrain from doing something which it
was his official duty to do,
he shall suffer the penalties of prision correccional in its

maximum period and a fine [of not less than the value of the gift
and] not less than three times the value of such gift.
Art. 211. Indirect bribery. — The penalties of prision

correccional in its medium and maximum periods, and public
censure shall be imposed upon any public officer who shall
accept gifts offered to him by reason of his office. (As amended
by Batas Pambansa Blg. 872, June 10, 1985).
Art. 212. Corruption of public officials. — The same penalties

imposed upon the officer corrupted, except those of
disqualification and suspension, shall be imposed upon any
person who shall have made the offers or promises or given the
gifts or presents as described in the preceding articles.
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
“An Act Defining and Penalizing the Crime of Plunder.”
“An Act Defining the Crime of Money Laundering, Providing

Penalties Therefor and for Other Purposes.”
Republic Act. No. 9485. 2007.
An Act to Improve Efficiency in the Delivery of Government

Service to the Public by Reducing Bureaucratic Red Tape,
Preventing Graft and Corruption, and Providing Penalties
Thereof.”
SOME OF THE SLIDES ARE CULLED FROM THE

PREVIOUS LECTURE OF DR. MARIA FAINA L. DIOLA
ON
CULTIVATING GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES
FOUR-L CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
JULY 12, 2017
Caveat
• Some of the slides are culled from the presentation of Dr. Faina L.
Diola, Director of the Center for Leadership, Citizenship, and
Democracy (CLCD) during her lecture for the first batch of Four-
L Capacity Enhancement Program
• This Session is based from the Compilation of Reference
Materials on Good Citizenship Values of the Center for
Leadership, Citizenship and Democracy (CLCD), National
College of Public Administration and Governance (NCPAG), U.P.
Diliman
• In particular, this was from the Volume written by Ms. Josefina
Atienza-Salvana. With grateful appreciation.
• Also culled from the PA 209 lecture materials of Dr. Lizan E.
Professionalism
Public officials and employees shall perform and discharge their duties with
the highest degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence and skill.
They shall enter public service with utmost devotion and dedication to
duty.
They shall endeavour to discourage wrong perceptions of their roles as

dispensers or peddlers of undue patron.
 Commitment to Public Interest
Public officials and employees shall always uphold the public

interest over and above personal interest.
All government resources and powers of their respective offices

must be employed and used efficiently, effectively, honestly and
economically,
particularly to avoid wastage in public funds and

revenues.
 Justness and Sincerity –
Public officials and employees shall remain true to the people at all times.
They must act with justness and sincerity and shall not discriminate against
anyone, especially the poor and the underprivileged.
They shall at all times respect the rights of others, and shall refrain from doing
acts contrary to law, good morals, good customs, public policy, public order,
public safety and public interest.
They shall not dispense or extend undue favours on account of their office to
their relatives whether by consanguinity or affinity except with respect to
appointments of such relatives to positions considered strictly confidential or
as members of their personal staff whose terms are coterminous with theirs.
 Political Neutrality
Public officials and employees shall provide service to

everyone without unfair discrimination and regardless
of party affiliation or preference.
 Responsiveness to the Public
 Public officials and employees shall extend prompt, courteous,

and adequate service to the public.
 ensure openness of information, public consultations and hearings

whenever appropriate, encourage suggestions, simplify and
systematize policy, rules and procedures, avoid red tape and
develop an understanding and appreciation of the socio-economic
conditions prevailing in the country, especially in the depressed
rural and urban areas.
 Nationalism and
Patriotism

shall at all times be loyal to the
Republic and to the Filipino
people, promote the use of locally
produced goods, resources and
technology and encourage
appreciation and pride of country
and people.
They shall endeavour to maintain

and defend Philippine sovereignty
against foreign intrusion.
 Commitment to Democracy –
Public officials and employees shall

commit themselves to the democratic
way of life and values, maintain the
principle of public accountability,
and manifest by deeds the supremacy
of civilian authority over the military.
They shall at all times uphold the

Constitution and put loyalty to
country above loyalty to persons or
party.
 Simple Living

and their families shall lead
modest lives appropriate to their
positions and income.
They shall not indulge in

extravagant or ostentatious
display of wealth in any way.
Prohibited Acts and Transactions
(a) Financial and material interest. - Public officials and employees shall not,
directly or indirectly, have any financial or material interest in any transaction
requiring the approval of their office.
(b) Outside employment and other activities related thereto. - Public officials and
employees during their incumbency shall not:
(1) Own, control, manage or accept employment as officer, employee,
consultant, counsel, broker, agent, trustee or nominee in any private enterprise
regulated, supervised or licensed by their office unless expressly allowed by law;
(2) Engage in the private practice of their profession unless authorized by
the Constitution or law, provided, that such practice will not conflict or tend to
conflict with their official functions; or
(3) Recommend any person to any position in a private enterprise which
has a regular or pending official transaction with their office.
(c) Disclosure and/or misuse of confidential information. -
Public officials and employees shall not use or divulge, confidential
or classified information officially known to them by reason of their
office and not made available to the public, either:
(1) To further their private interests, or give undue advantage to
anyone; or
(2) To prejudice the public interest.
(d) Solicitation or acceptance of gifts. - Public officials and

employees shall not solicit or accept, directly or indirectly, any gift,
gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value
from any person in the course of their official duties or in
connection with any operation being regulated by, or any
transaction which may be affected by the functions of their office.
Exception: As to gifts or grants from foreign governments,
the Congress consents to:
(i)The acceptance and retention by a public official or employee of a gift of
nominal value tendered and received as a souvenir or mark of courtesy;
(ii)The acceptance by a public official or employee of a gift in the nature of a
scholarship or fellowship grant or medical treatment; or
(iii) The acceptance by a public official or employee of travel grants or expenses for
travel taking place entirely outside the Philippine (such as allowances, transportation,
food, and lodging) of more than nominal value if such acceptance is appropriate or
consistent with the interests of the Philippines, and permitted by he head of office,
branch or agency to which he belongs.
The Ombudsman shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out
the purpose of this subsection, including pertinent reporting and disclosure
requirements. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to restrict or prohibit any
educational, scientific or cultural exchange programs subject to national security
requirements.
Statements and Disclosure
A. A. Statements of Assets and Liabilities and Financial Disclosure
Who are covered?
General Rule: All public officials and employees

Exception: Those who serve in an honorary capacity, laborers and casual or
temporary workers
What to File?
They shall file under oath their Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth and a
Disclosure of Business Interests and Financial Connections
Including of their spouses and unmarried children under eighteen (18) years of age
living in their households
Husband and wife who are both public officials or employees may file the required
statements jointly or separately.
A. Statements of Assets and Liabilities and Financial Disclosure
Why file SALN?
The public has the right to know
When to file?
 within thirty (30) days after assumption of office, statements of which must
be reckoned as of his first day of service;
 on or before April 30 of every year thereafter, statements of which must be

reckoned as of the end of the preceding year; or
 within thirty (30) days after separation from the service, statements of
which must be reckoned as of his last day of office.
A. Statements of Assets and Liabilities and Financial Disclosure
Where to File?
Officials Agency
1. President, Vice-President and Constitutional Officials National Office of the
Ombudsman
2. Office of the President
a. Senators and Congressmen
b. Secretaries of the Senate and House of Representatives
c. Justices, with the Clerk of Court of the Supreme Court; Judges, with the Court
Administrator;
d. National executive officials:
Members of the Cabinet; Undersecretaries and Assistant Secretaries;
Foreign service Officers;
Heads of government-owned or controlled corporations with original charters and their
subsidiaries and state colleges and universities
3.
a. Regional and local officials and employees, both appointive and elective Deputy Ombudsman in their
b. Officials and employees of government-owned or controlled corporations and their respective regions
subsidiaries and state colleges and universities
4.
a. Officers of the Armed Forces from the rank of Colonel or Naval Captain Office of the President
b. Those below said ranks Deputy Ombudsman in their
respective regions
5. All other public officials and employees, defined in Republic Act No. 3019, as amended. with the Civil Service
Commission
B. Identification and Disclosure of Relatives
It shall be the duty of every public official or employee to identify and
disclose, to the best of his knowledge and information, his relatives in the
Government.
Up to what degree of relationship?
Relatives up to the fourth civil degree of relationship

either of consanguinity or affinity including: bilas, inso and balae
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/prohibitionsonappointments-140113022037-phpapp02/95/prohibitions-on-
appointments-in-the-civil-service-25-638.jpg?cb=1389645683
C. Are the SALN accessible?
Yes. Any and all statements filed under this Act, shall be made available for
inspection at reasonable hours.
• Such statements shall be made available for copying or reproduction after
ten (10) working days from the time they are filed as required by law.
• Any person requesting a copy of a statement shall be required to pay a
reasonable fee to cover the cost of reproduction and mailing of such
statement, as well as the cost of certification.
• Any statement filed under this Act shall be available to the public for a
period of ten (10) years after receipt of the statement. After such
period, the statement may be destroyed unless needed in an ongoing
investigation.
D. What are prohibited acts?

It shall be unlawful for any person to obtain or use any statement filed
under this Act for:
a. any purpose contrary to morals or public policy; or
b. any commercial purpose other than by news and communications media
for dissemination to the general public.
A public official or employee shall avoid conflicts of interest at all times
When does “Conflict of interest” arises?

When a public official or employee is a member of a board, an officer, or a
substantial stockholder of a private corporation or owner or has a substantial
interest in a business, and the interest of such corporation or business, or his rights
or duties therein, may be opposed to or affected by the faithful performance of
official duty.
What to do when a conflict of interest arises?
He shall resign from his position in any private business enterprise within
thirty (30) days from his assumption of office and/or divest himself of his
shareholdings or interest within sixty (60) days from such assumption. The same
rule shall apply where the public official or employee is a partner in a partnership.
Who are not covered by this provision?

The requirement of divestment shall not apply to those who serve the
Government in an honorary capacity nor to laborers and casual or temporary
workers.
What is Divestment?
It is the transfer of title or disposal of

interest in property by voluntarily,
completely and actually depriving or
dispossessing oneself of his right or title to it
in favor of a person or persons other than his
spouse and relatives as defined in this Act. "
Cross References:
1987 Philippine Constitution:

Article VI, Section 13
Article VII, Section 13
Article IX-B, Section 7
Local Government Code “Relatives" refers to any and all persons related to a
Sections 89 & 90 public official or employee within the fourth civil degree
of consaguinity or affinity, including bilas, inso and
balae.
Local Government Code of 1991
Section 89
a. Prohibited Business and Pecuniary Interest.
1. It shall be unlawful for any local government official or employee,

directly or indirectly, to:
Engage in any business transaction with the local government unit in which he
is an official or employee or over which he has the power of supervision, or with
any of its authorized boards, officials, agents, or attorneys, whereby money is to
be paid, or property or any other thing of value is to be transferred, directly or
indirectly, out of the resources of the local government unit to such person or
firm;
Hold such interests in any cockpit or other games licensed by a local

government unit;
Purchase any real estate or other property forfeited in favor of
such local government unit for unpaid taxes or assessment, or by
virtue of a legal process at the instance of the said local
government unit;
Be a surety for any person contracting or doing business with the

local government unit for which a surety is required; and
Possess or use any public property of the local government unit

for private purposes.
Section 89
b. All other prohibitions governing the conduct of national public
officers relating to prohibited business and pecuniary interest so
provided for under Republic Act Numbered Sixty-seven thirteen
(R.A. No. 6713) otherwise known as the "Code of Conduct and
Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees" and other
laws shall also be applicable to local government officials and
employees.
Section 90
Practice of Profession. –
(a) All governors, city and municipal mayors are prohibited from
practicing their profession or engaging in any occupation other
than the exercise of their functions as local chief executives.
(b) Sanggunian members may practice their professions, engage in any

occupation, or teach in schools except during session hours: Provided, That
sanggunian members who are also members of the Bar shall not:
1. Appear as counsel before any court in any civil case wherein a local
government unit or any office, agency, or instrumentality of the
government is the adverse party;
2. Appear as counsel in any criminal case wherein an officer or employee of
the national or local government is accused of an offense committed in
relation to his office.
3. Collect any fee for their appearance in administrative proceedings
involving the local government unit of which he is an official; and
4. Use property and personnel of the government except when the
sanggunian member concerned is defending the interest of the
government.
(c) Doctors of medicine may practice their profession even during official hours
of work only on occasions of emergency: Provided, That the officials
concerned do not derive monetary compensation therefrom.

Mar 21,2019 (Thurs) - Calina (Good Citizenship - . .)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mar 21,2019 (Thurs) - Calina (Good Citizenship - . .)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cultivating Good Citizenship Values

and Ethical Leadership:

DR. LIZAN E. PERANTE-CALINA

To identify one’s personal contribution to the

To be motivated to do our best, using our particular

Atienza-Salvana cited by Faina for CLCD-4L

BASED ON YOUR OBSERVATIONS AND

WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON A METACARD

Brillantes and Perante-Calina 2018

Brillantes and Perante-Calina 2018

Victor Thompson (1960)

Brillantes and Perante-Calina 2018

Bureaupathology is concerned with the

Elements of bureaupathology include routinization, reliance on regulations and resistance to

Brillantes and Perante-Calina 2018

‘bureaupathology’ and bureaucratic malaise

may be attributed to the

FAILURE OF, OR LACK OF,

Brillantes and Perante-Calina 2018

Courtesy of Luigi Peralta, PA 209 Class and DILG

Article XI, Accountability of Public Officers

1987 Philippine Constitution

Section 1. Public office is a public trust. Public officers and

1987 Philippine Constitution

“WE, THE SOVEREIGN FILIPINO PEOPLE, IMPLORING THE AID OF

Not that these words are unimportant - “economy” or

But you discover other words like honesty, integrity, fairness,

These are the same words which describe what a government of

• The Preamble opens the door to ethics, values and moral

Elements of the Preamble

Book V, Executive Order No. 292, Instituting the

Republic Act No. 6713, Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards

Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in Civil Services (Update)

It encompasses what is sometimes called the

It involves a moral duty and obligation

Ethics provides the moral and legal bases for

SEARCH FOR LEADERS

PRACTICAL WISDOM TO CHOOSE

This kind of leadership is referred to as

Nonaka, n.d. 2014, Cultural Flow International

Taking “right actions”

A capability to find a in particular context.

Leadership is the capability to

Leadership is determined by context

Good Citizenship Movement - advocacy for promoting

The movement was launched in 2003.

The path to the full realization of our national vision of

Good citizenship means “huwarang mamamayan”

Good citizenship is living the values enshrined in our

Atienza-Salvana cited by Faina for CLCD-4L

Good citizens are law abiding,

help others in their community and have good personal

Our values as a people are enshrined in the Philippine

These Filipino values are the basic good citizenship values

They are also the basic values of good governance.

Atienza-Salvana cited by Faina for CLCD-4L 2017

Brillantes and Perante-Calina, Making Reform Happen (MRH) 2013

“INVOLVES THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF A SYSTEM

-ADB 1995, AS CITED IN ADB 2005: 1

THE EXERCISE OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND

IT EMBRACES ALL OF METHODS- GOOD AND BAD –

Those who may play a role in decision- making