Exponents

Mary Danielle M. Alcantara

Mathematics Instructor
malcantara@nagahope.edu.ph
ELECTIVE 10: CALCULUS
 Objectives
• Illustrates exponents and its laws
• Simplifies expressions with exponents
• Solves equations involving exponential
expressions
 Exponents
An exponent is the simplest way to show how
many times a number is multiplied by itself.
Key terms:
• Factors are numbers we multiply together
to get another number.
• Base is the number that is going to be
raised to a power.
• Exponent is a superscript number that tells
you how many times its base is used as a
factor, also referred to as powers.
 Exponents
•  

Suppose you have the expression:

 Laws of Exponents
• Product Rule
– Power of a Product Rule
• Quotient Rule
– Power of a Fraction Rule
• Power of a Power Rule
• Zero and Negative Exponent
 Laws of Exponents
• Product Rule
To multiply two terms with the
same base, add the exponents.
• Power of a Product Rule
To raise a product to a power,
raise each of the factors to the
power.
 Laws of Exponents
•  
Example:
 
 Laws of Exponents
Try it yourself!
Simplify each of the following expressions, if possible.
 Laws of Exponents
•
1.    4.

2.

5.
3.
 Laws of Exponents
•
6.    9.

10.
7.
8.
 Laws of Exponents
• Quotient Rule
To divide two powers with the
same base, subtract the
exponents.
• Power of a Product Rule
To raise a quotient to a power,
raise the dividend and divisor to
the power.
 Laws of Exponents
•  
Example:
   

=
 Laws of Exponents
•   Can you simplify an expression
where an exponent has an
exponent? For example, how
would you simplify ?
 Laws of Exponents
• Power of a Power Rule
To raise a power to a new power, multiply the exponents
 Laws of Exponents
•  
Example:  
 
 Laws of Exponents
• The Zero Exponent
•  
Recall that
 
However, any quantity divided by itself is
If , then the following would be true:
equal to one. Therefore, , which means .
This is true in general:
if .
 Laws of Exponents
– If the term is a factor in the
• The Negative Exponent
•   numerator with a negative exponent,
;
write it in the denominator with a
– If a term has a negative exponent,
positive exponent.
write it as 1 over the term with a
positive exponent.
– If a term has a negative exponent, – If the term is a factor in the
write the reciprocal with a positive denominator with a negative
exponent. exponent, write it in the numerator
  with a positive exponent.
 
 Laws of Exponents
•  
Example:  
 Solving Exponential Equations
•  
Exponential equations are equations in which variables occur as exponents.
For example, exponential equations are in the form .
To solve exponential equations with same base, use the property of equality of
exponential functions.

If  is a positive number other than  , then  if and

only if .
In other words, if the bases are the same, then the exponents
must be equal.
 Solving Exponential Equations
•Solution
Example1: Solve the equation .
   Example3: Solve the equation .
Solution

Example2: Solve the equation .

Solution
 Solving Exponential Equations
•Solution
Example4: Solve the equation
   Example5: Solve the equation
Solution

 𝒙= 𝟒
𝟏𝟓
 Solving Exponential Equations
•  
Example6: Evaluate  Example5: Solve the equation .
Solution
Solution
 Solving Exponential Equations
•   the value of .
Solve
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
 Solving Exponential Equations
 
•
1.    3.

5.

2.
4.
 Solving Exponential Equations
 7.
•
6.  
 Solving Exponential Equations
•  
Solve for the value of .