PROCEDURE AND SPECIFICATIONS

FOR
WIND LOAD ANALYSIS

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A

THREE – STOREY REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
 After accomplishing the needed Architectural Plans (Floor and Foundation Plans,
Framing Plans, Elevations and Perspective) the next step is the Wind Load Analysis.
 Buildings are subjected to horizontal loads due to wind pressure acting on the buildings.
 Wind load is calculated through section 207 of the NSCP 2010. The horizontal wind
pressures act on vertical external walls and exposed area of the buildings.
 When it comes to wind loads, two directions are involved, windward and the leeward.
Windward is the direction upwind from the point of reference, alternatively the direction
from which the wind is coming, on the other hand, the counter part of windward is
leeward which is on the other side of the structure.
 PROCEDURES
AND SPECIFICATIONS
A. COMPUTATION FOR THE
TRIBUTARY AREA

 The first step is the determination of the Tributary Area using your
Longitudinal and Transversal Framing Plans.
 Note:
 Consider the two adjacent bays that will produce the maximum tributary areas.
 The parapet (if you have) should also be considered in the computation of the
tributary areas.
A. COMPUTATION FOR THE
TRIBUTARY AREA

 Sample:
A. COMPUTATION FOR THE
TRIBUTARY AREA

 Sample:
A. COMPUTATION FOR THE
TRIBUTARY AREA

 Provide the Summary Table for the produced Tributary Areas.

 Sample:

  LONGITUDINAL TRANSVERSAL
SECTION SECTION
A = 7.0m x 3.0m A = 4.5m x 3.0m
ROOF LEVEL
A = 21.00m2 A = 13.50m2
A = 7.0m x 4.0m A = 4.5m x 4.000m
THIRD FLOOR
A = 28.00m2 A = 18.00m2
A = 7.0m x 4.0m A = 4.5m x 4.000m
SECOND FLOOR
A = 28.00m2 A = 18.00m2
B. COMPUTATION FOR VELOCITY
PRESSURE (qh):
  NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th Ed., Section 207.5.10, (2-15)
V - Basic Wind Speed NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th Ed., Table 207 – 1
 The second step is the V = 200 kph Zone 2
computation of the Velocity Iw - Importance Factor NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th Ed.,
Section 207.5.6 Table 207 – 3
Pressure. Iw = 1.15
Special Occupancy Category
Exposure Category
 Note: Exposure C
NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th Ed., Section 207.5.6.3

 The KZT - Topographic Factor

values of each variable NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th Ed., Section 207.5.7.2
KZT = 1.00
in the equation 2-15 vary
and depend on the type and KD - Wind Directionality Factor NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th Ed., Table 207-2
KD = 0.85 Structural Type: Buildings
occupancy of your
building. Velocity Pressure Exposure
NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th Ed., Table 207-4
Coefficient, KZ
 For the computation of Kz, consider the
provided table.
 For the intermediate values, or the needed
values that are not shown in the table, use Height above Ground level, z
Exposure (Note 1)
B C D
interpolation method. (m)
Case 1 Case 2 Cases 1 & 2 Cases 1 & 2
0-4.5 0.7 0.57 0.85 1.03
 Sample: 6 0.7 0.62 0.9 1.08
7.5 0.7 0.66 0.94 1.12
 ROOF LEVEL (H = 13.0m) 9 0.7 0.7 0.98 1.16
12 0.76 0.76 1.04 1.22
13.0 − 12 15 −12
= 15 0.81 0.81 1.09 1.27
𝐾𝑍 − 1.04 1.09 −1.04 18 0.85 0.85 1.13 1.31
𝑲𝒁 = 𝟏.𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟕 21 0.89 0.89 1.17 1.34
24 0.93 0.93 1.21 1.38
 THIRD FLOOR (H = 8.0m) 27 0.96 0.96 1.24 1.4
30 0.99 0.99 1.26 1.43
8.0 −7.5 9 −7.5
= 36 1.04 1.04 1.31 1.48
𝐾𝑍 − 0.94 0.98 −0.94 42 1.09 1.09 1.36 1.52
48 1.13 1.13 1.39 1.55
𝑲𝒁 = 𝟎.𝟗𝟓𝟑𝟑 54 1.17 1.17 1.43 1.58
60 1.2 1.2 1.46 1.61
75 1.28 1.28 1.53 1.68
 SECOND FLOOR (H = 4.0m) 90 1.35 1.35 1.59 1.73
For H ≤ 4.50m 105 1.41 1.41 1.64 1.78
120 1.47 1.47 1.69 1.82
KZ = 0.8500 135 1.52 1.52 1.73 1.86
150 1.56 1.56 1.77 1.89
VELOCITY PRESSURE, qh:

 After determining the values of each variable, substitute them to equation for the
Velocity Pressure.
 Each floor level has their own Velocity Pressure and varies due to their tributary areas.
 Sample:
 

ROOF LEVEL 1.9543 KPa

THIRD FLOOR 1.7631 KPa

SECOND FLOOR 1.5720 KPa

C. COMPUTATION FOR WINDWARD
AND LEEWARD PRESSURES (P):
 The next step is the computation of the Windward and the Leeward Pressures using the
following equation:
  From NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th Ed., Section 207.5.12.2.2

  For the variables involved, , consider the following 2010 specifications.

External Pressure Coefficient, GCPf Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCPi

  NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th Ed., Figure 207-10 NSCP 2010, Vol. 1, 6th Ed., Table 207-5
Roof Angle (ϴ) = 0o – 5o Enclosed Buildings

WINDWARD 0.40 0.18

LEEWARD 0.29 0.18

 Note: The values vary depending upon the nature and details of your building.
C. COMPUTATION FOR WINDWARD
AND LEEWARD PRESSURES (P):
 Sample:
ROOF LEVEL P = qh (GCpf – GCpi) P

WINDWARD P = 1.9543 (0.40 – 0.18) 429.9460 Pa

LEEWARD P = 1.9543 (0.29 – 0.18) 214.9730 Pa

THIRD FLOOR P = qh (GCpf – GCpi) P

WINDWARD P = 1.7631 (0.40 – 0.18) 387.8820 Pa

LEEWARD P = 1.7631 (0.29 – 0.18) 193.9410 Pa

SECOND FLOOR P = qh (GCpf – GCpi) P

WINDWARD P = 1.5720 (0.40 – 0.18) 345.8400 Pa

LEEWARD P = 1.5720 (0.29 – 0.18) 172.9200 Pa

D. COMPUTATION FOR WIND
LOADS (F):
 For the final values of your wind loads (windward and leeward), multiply the windward and
leeward pressures (calculated in step C), to the Tributary Areas (produced in step A), or
using the formula:
F = PA
 Note:
 For the Windward and Leeward Forces acting on the Transversal Section, use the Tributary Area in the
Longitudinal Section, or:
FTRANSVERSAL = P * ALONGITUDINAL
 For the Windward and Leeward Forces acting on the Longitudinal Section, use the Tributary Area in the
Transversal Section, or:
FLONGITUDINAL = P * ATRANSVERSAL
D. COMPUTATION FOR WIND
LOADS (F):
 Sample:
ROOF LEVEL F = PA F
 For the Transversal Section: Fw = (429.9460)(21.00)
WINDWARD 9.0289 kN ≈ 9.50 kN

LEEWARD FL = (214.9730)(21.00) 4.5144 kN ≈ 5.00 kN

FTRANSVERSAL = P * ALONGITUDINAL
THIRD FLOOR F = PA F

WINDWARD Fw = (387.8820)(28.00) 10.8607 kN ≈ 11.00 kN

LEEWARD FL =(193.9410)(28.00) 5.4303 kN ≈ 5.50 kN

SECOND FLOOR F = PA F

WINDWARD Fw = (345.8400)(28.00) 9.6835 kN ≈ 10.00 kN

LEEWARD FL = (172.9200)(28.00) 4.8418kN ≈ 5.00 kN

D. COMPUTATION FOR WIND
LOADS (F):
 Sample:
ROOF LEVEL F = PA F
 For the Longitudinal Section:
WINDWARD Fw = (429.9460)(13.50) 5.8043 kN ≈ 6.00 kN

LEEWARD FL = (214.9730)(13.50) 2.9021 kN ≈ 3.00 kN

FLONGITUDINAL = P * ATRANSVERSAL
THIRD FLOOR F = PA F

WINDWARD Fw = (387.8820)(18.00) 6.9819 kN ≈ 7.00 kN

LEEWARD FL =(193.9410)(18.00) 3.4909 kN ≈ 3.50 kN

SECOND FLOOR F = PA F

WINDWARD Fw = (345.8400)(18.00) 6.2251 kN ≈ 6.50 kN

LEEWARD FL = (172.9200)(18.00) 3.1126 kN ≈ 3.50 kN

D. ANALYSIS OF FRAMES USING
PORTAL AND FACTOR METHODS
 As part of the analysis of the building that you are designing, the
calculated Wind Loads must be used for both Portal and Factor
Methods.
 Note:
 For both Portal and Factor Methods, apply knowledge and skills learned in Theory I.
 Both sections (Transversal and Longitudinal) must be considered for both Portal and Factor
Methods.
 You may opt to consider finished RCD lab Thesis for your refence.
A. PORTAL METHOD
 19

DEFINITION
 It is based on the assumption that, for each
 Portal method is also known as Approximate storey of the frame, the interior columns will
Analysis Method. take twice as much shear force as the exterior
columns.
 It is one of the common approximate methods in the
analysis of statically indeterminate structures.  In this paper, portal method analysis was done
This method is used to analyse the frames which but was not used in the design proper for
subjected to lateral loadings such as wind, conservative reasons.
earthquake, and blast loadings.
 It is an appropriate analysis of indeterminate
frames
 ASSUMPTIONS
1. 2. 3.
An inflection An inflection The horizontal shear is divided among all the
point is located at point is located at columns on the basis that each interior column takes
mid-height of each the centre of twice as much as exterior column.
column each beam
 SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS
1000

21 5500 22 7000 23 7000 24 7000 400025 26 7000 27

7000 7000 28 5500 29 30
4000

3200

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
3200
4000

3200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4000

A B C D E F G H I J Isolating Joint 21
σ 𝐹ℎ = 0
Isolating Joint 21 𝑅ℎ = 6.00 −0.50
σ 𝐹ℎ =0 𝑹𝒉 = 𝟓.𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵
𝑅ℎ =6.00−0.50
𝑹𝒉 =𝟓.𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵 σ 𝑀21 = 0
𝑅𝑣 ሺ2.75ሻ= 0.50(2.00)
σ 𝑀21 =0 𝑹𝒗 =𝟎.𝟑𝟔𝒌𝑵
𝑅𝑣ሺ2.75ሻ=0.50(2.00)
𝑹𝒗 =𝟎.𝟑𝟔𝒌𝑵 𝑀21−20 = 0.50∗ 2.00
𝑴𝟐𝟏−𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏.𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵−𝒎 = 𝑴𝟐𝟏−𝟐𝟐
𝑀21−20 =0.50∗2.00
𝑴𝟐𝟏−𝟐𝟎 =𝟏.𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵−𝒎 = 𝑴𝟐𝟏−𝟐𝟐
B. FACTOR METHOD
DEFINITION
 The Factor Method is more accurate than either the portal method or the
cantilever method.
 The portal method and cantilever method depend on assumed location of
hinges and column shears whereas the factor method is based on
assumptions regarding the elastic action of the structure.
VARIABLES
A. STIFFNESS FACTOR, K
  

where:

(For Rectangular Section)

L = Length of Beams or Columns

 VARIABLES
B.
   GIRDER FACTOR AND COLUMN FACTOR:
 VARIABLES
C. COLUMN MOMENT FACTOR
 To get the value of the Column Moment Factor, the column factor is
added to the half of the value of the opposite end of the column and
multiplied to the relative stiffness of the column.
 VARIABLES
D. STORY CONSTANT
  

where:

E. COLUMN MOMENT
𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 =𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
 
 VARIABLES
F. GIRDER MOMENT FACTOR
 To get the value of the Column Moment Factor the girder factor
is added to the half of the value of the opposite end of the girder
and multiplied to the relative stiffness of the girder.

G. JOINT CONSTANT
 
VARIABLES
H. GIRDER MOMENT

ColumnMoment=Column Moment Factor×StoreyConstant

