Nursing

Informatics (NI)
Candra Panji Asmoro

Diambil dari:
Ann Shepard, RNC, MSN
Director, Customer Support
Services
Information Technology
Mercy Medical Center-Des Moines
Objectives
 Introduce NI
 Certification for NI
 Application of NI
 Future of NI
How it all began….
 Late1960’s first computer systems were
implemented in hospitals
 Computer nurses began to appear in hospitals
 Excellent clinicians
 Technically curious and willing to try new
things
 …or did it?
The First Informatics Nurse?
“In attempting to arrive at the truth, I have
applied everywhere for information, but scarcely
an instance have I been able to obtain hospital
records for any purposes of comparison. If they
could be obtained, they would enable us to decide
many other questions besides the one alluded to.
They would show subscribers how their money
was spent, what amount of good was really being
done with it, or whether the money was not doing
mischief rather than good.”
NI as a specialty
 Disconnected parts
 Roles, titles, and responsibilities varied
 Definitions similar, conceptual models
considered, research in varied directions, all
good—standard languages
 Panel assembled to help sort out the pieces
1. Definitions
 1989—Graves and Corcoran defined NI as
 “Computer science, information science, and
nursing science combined to assist in the
management and processing of nursing data,
information and knowledge to support the
practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing
care.”
Image, p. 227
 1996—Turley defined NI as the intersection
point with Nursing Science, Computer Science
and Information Science.
 1995—Graves et al, began to incorporate
knowledge as a product of the sciences into
the definition.
National Center for Nursing
Research
 Began in 1988
 Noted scholars met to discuss priorities for nursing
research
 Dr. Gloria Bulechek, Dr. Judith Graves, Dr. Susan Grobe
 Dr. Kathryn Hannah, Dr. Norma Lang, Dr. Judy Ozbolt,
Dr. Wm Paisley, Elliott Roberts, Dr. Samuel Schultz, and
Rita Zielstorff
 Determined ‘Criteria for Promising Dimensions’
 Group discussed early needs for standardization of
data sets, taxonomy to classify and allow for use of a
common language
 Developed seven focus areas for NI
 NCNR 1993
 Reference available on line:
http://www.nih.gov/ninr/research/vol4/Overview.html
American Nurses Association
 Recognized as a specialty in 1992
 Defined NI, outlined roles and responsibilities
and developed standards for practice.
 Certification for generalist

www.ana.org
ANCC (American Nurses Credentialing Center)
American Nurses Association
 1994, Scope of Practice for NI
 “NI is the specialty that integrates nursing
science, computer science, and information
science in identifying, collecting, processing,
and managing data and information to support
nursing practice, administration, education,
research, and the expansion of nursing
knowledge”.
ANA today
 2001, Scope and Standards of NI Practice
 NI is an evolving field—expect change in
definitions
 Three categories of definitions
 Technology focused
 Conceptually focused
 Role-Orientated

To order or for additional info on the booklet:

www.nursebooks.org (part of the ANA web site)
New Definition -- ANA
 “NI is a specialty that integrates nursing science,
computer science, and information science to
manage and communicate date, information, and
knowledge in nursing practice. NI facilitates the
integration of data, information, and
knowledge to support patients, nurses, and
other providers in their decision-making in all
roles and settings. This support is accomplished
through the use of information structures, information
processes,and information technology.”
 ANA (2001)p. 17
2. Certification
 Began in 1995
 First computer based exam—able to take at
any time at any approved testing location
 Knowledge expected of a NI generalist
 Focus areas of knowledge—from the NCNR
recommendations for focus
Exam Focus Areas
 System Analysis and Design
 System Implementation and Support
 System Testing and Evaluation
 Human Factors
 Computer Technology
 Information/Database Management
 Professional Practice/Trends and Issues
 Theories
1. System Analysis and Design
 Conducting need and feasibility assessments
 Process flow charting
 Understanding requirements
 Quality management and customer
satisfaction concepts
2. System Implementation and
Support
 Project management strategies
 Policies and procedures
 Education and training
 Communication
 Vendor management
 Customer expectations
3. System Testing and Evaluation
 Will it do what we hoped it would for the costs
we thought in the time frame we planned?
 This is our strength--assessment
 Design process
 Testing the system
 Reviewing output of the system—reports
 Measurement of pre-system goals
 Less time, more efficiently, legibility, accurate
data, single entry, etc
4. Human Factors
 Ergonomics
 Right tool for the location, the care delivered,
the care provider
 Screen flow, use of data for decisions
5. Computer Technology
 Understanding of the actual technology
 Networks
 Personal computers
 Portable devices
 Operating systems
 Software
6. Information/Database
Management
 Understand database architecture—how data
is stored and accessed
 Nursing structure
 Nomenclature/vocabulary
 Taxonomies and Coding Schemes
 ICD-P, CPT
 Nursing Minimum Data Sets
 NIC,NOC, NANDA,
 7. Theories
 Nursing Communication
 Management Systems
 Information
 Computer
 Behavioral
 Change theory
 Organizational behavior
 Learning
 Professional Practice/Trends and
Issues
 Ethics
 Privacy
 Roles of NI
 Project Manager
 Researcher
 Educator
 Consultant
 Advocate/Policy Developer
 Product Developer
 Decision Support / Outcomes Manager
 4. Future of NI
 Emerging roles
 Entrepreneurs, Product Developers, Web design,
Independent Consultants
 Challenges
 Integration of data—duplication often
 Inability to access data for decision making
 Unique distinctions between roles has not been defined—
competencies
 Outlook NI, RI
 Revolusi Industri 5.0 -> 5.0 Society Era, Japan
 e-Report KNKP, Permenkes No. 11/2017
 Penyelenggaraan pelayanan telemedicine antarfasilitas
pelayanan kesehatan, Permenkes No. 20/2019
Thanks
References
 American Nurses Association (ANA). (1996).
The scope of practice for nursing informatics.
Washington, DC: Author
 American Nurses Association (ANA). (2001).
Scope and standards of nursing informatics
practice. Washington, DC: Author.
 Graves, J.R. & Corcoran, S. (1989). The study of
nursing informatics. Image, 21(4), 227-231.
 Graves, J.R., Amos. L.K., Huether, S., Lange, L.,
and Thompson, C.B. (1995). Description of a
graduate program in clinic nursing informatics.
Computers in Nursing,13, 60-70.
 National Center for Nursing Research
(NCNR). (1993). Nursing informatics:
Enhancing patient care: A report to the NCNR
priority expert panel on nursing
informatics/national center for nursing
research. NIH Publication No. 93-2419.
Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services.
 Turley, J.P. (1996). Toward a model for
nursing informatics, Image, 28(4), 309-313.