BRIGHTON

Radu Rebecca
Grade 9 MIE
INTRO
Brighton is a seaside resort
on the south coast of England
which is part of the city of
Brighton and Hove, East
Sussex, 47 miles (75 km)
south of London. Brighton
has also been called the UK's
"hippest city", "the happiest
place to live in the UK” and
”the unofficial gay capital of
the UK”.

To the east of Brighton, chalk cliffs
protected by a sea-wall rise from the beach.
GEOGRAPHY
Brighton lies between the South Downs and the English
Channel to the north and south, respectively. The Sussex coast
forms a wide, shallow bay between the headlands of Selsey
Bill and Beachy Head; Brighton developed near the centre of
this bay around a seasonal river, the Wellesbourne (or
Whalesbone), which flowed from the South Downs above
Patcham. This emptied into the English Channel at the beach
near the East Cliff, forming "the natural drainage point for
Brighton".
Behind the estuary was a stagnant pond called the Pool or
Poole, so named since the medieval era. This was built over
with houses and shops from 1793, when the Wellesbourne was
culverted to prevent flooding, and only the name of the road
(Pool Valley, originally Pool Lane)marks its site. One original
house survives from the time of the pool's enclosure. Behind
Pool Valley is Old Steine (historically The Steyne), originally
a flat and marshy area where fishermen dried their nets. The
Wellesbourne occasionally reappears during times of
prolonged heavy rain; author Mark Antony Lower referred to
an early 19th-century drawing of the Royal Pavilion showing
"quite a pool of water across the Steyne".
LANDMARKS
THE ROYAL
PAVILION
The Royal Pavilion, also known as the
Brighton Pavilion, is a Grade I listed former
royal residence located in Brighton, England.
Beginning in 1787, it was built in three stages
as a seaside retreat for George, Prince of
Wales, who became the Prince Regent in
1811. It is built in the Indo-Saracenic style
prevalent in India for most of the 19th century.
The current appearance of the Pavilion, with
its domes and minarets, is the work of
architect John Nash, who extended the
building starting in 1815.
BRIGHTON PALACE PIER
The Brighton Palace Pier, commonly known as Brighton Pier or the Palace Pier[a] is a Grade II listed
pleasure pier in Brighton, England, located in the city centre opposite the Old Steine. Opening in
1899, it was the third pier to be constructed in Brighton after the Royal Suspension Chain Pier and the
West Pier, but is now the only one still in operation. It is managed and operated by the Eclectic Bar
Group.
The Palace Pier was constructed as a replacement for the Chain Pier, which collapsed in 1896 during
construction. It quickly became popular, and had become a frequently-visited theatre and
entertainment venue by 1911. Aside from closures owing to war, it continued to hold regular
entertainment up to the 1970s. The theatre was damaged in 1973 and following a buy-out was
demolished in 1986, changing the pier's character from seaside entertainment to an amusement park,
with various fairground rides and roller coasters.
The pier remains popular with the public, with over four million visitors in 2016, and has been
featured in many works of British culture, including the gangster thriller Brighton Rock, the comedy
Carry On at Your Convenience and the Who's concept album and film Quadrophenia.
BRIGHTON CLOCK
TOWER
The Clock Tower (sometimes called the Jubilee Clock Tower) is a
free-standing clock tower in the centre of Brighton, part of the
English city of Brighton and Hove. Built in 1888 in
commemoration of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee, the
distinctive structure included innovative structural features and
became a landmark in the popular and fashionable seaside resort.
The city's residents "retain a nostalgic affection" for it, even
though opinion is sharply divided as to the tower's architectural
merit. English Heritage has listed the clock tower at Grade II for
its architectural and historical importance.
GRAND BRIGHTON
HOTEL
The Grand Brighton Hotel is a historic Victorian sea front hotel in Brighton on
the south coast of England. Designed by John Whichcord Jr. and built in 1864,
it was intended for members of the upper classes visiting the city, and remains
one of Brighton's most expensive hotels.
During the 1984 Conservative Party conference, the hotel was bombed by the
Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) in an attempt to assassinate Prime
Minister Margaret Thatcher.
The Grand Hotel was designed by architect John Whichcord Jr., and built in
1864 on the site occupied previously by a battery house. It was built for
members of the upper classes visiting Brighton and Hove and remains one of
the most expensive hotels in the city. Among its advanced engineering features
at the time was the "Vertical Omnibus", a hydraulically powered lift powered
by cisterns in the roof. This was the first lift built in the United Kingdom
outside London, at a time when only two others had been installed. The
building itself is an example of Italian influence in Victorian architecture.