L 18 UT Classification of Akhlat

(Humours)
By
Dr MI Manuha
 Criteria for the classification of Akhlat

1. According to their locations.

2. According to their colours.
3. According to their usefulness.
4. According to being primary or secondary
fluids.
5. According to their thickness
6. According to their quality

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 1. According to their locations.

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 1. According to their locations.

• Al Ratubat al Usataqussiyah (intracellular

fluids)
• Ratubat al Urooq (vascular fluids)
• Ratubat al Tajawif (tissue fluids)

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 Vascular fluid
• Relating to the vessels of the body, especially
the arteries and veins, that carry blood and
lymph. 

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 Tissue fluid
• Extracellular fluid which bathes the cells of
most tissues, arriving via blood capillaries and
being removed via the lymphatic vessels.

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 2. According to their colours.

• a. Sanguine (Al-Khilt Ad-Dam)

• b. Phlegm (Al- Khilt Al Balgham)

• C. Yellow Bile (Al- Khilt As- Safra)

• d. Black Bile (Al- Khilt As-sauda):

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 a. Sanguine (Al-Khilt Ad-Dam)

• Blood is regarded as mixture of all four kinds

of Akhlat i.e. dam, balgham, safra and sauda.
• But since the red colour is dominating hence,
the whole mixture is called as dam (blood).
• The temperament of dam is hot and moist.

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 b. Phlegm (Al- Khilt Al Balgham)
• All the white or colourless fluids of the body
are called as balgham (phlegm) the
temperament of balgham is cold and moist.

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 c. Yellow Bile (Al- Khilt As- Safra)
• All the yellow fluids (and compounds) of the
body are called as safra .
The Temperament Of Safra Is Hot And Dry.

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 d. Black Bile (Al- Khilt Al-sauda):

• Position of sauda is next to safra.

• The temperament of sauda is cold and dry.

– The connection between spleen (the organ) and melancholy (the

temperament) comes from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks.
– One of the humours (body fluid) was the black bile, secreted by the
spleen organ and associated with melancholy.
– In 18th & 19th century England, women in bad humor were said to be
badly affected by the spleen, or the vapours of the spleen.
– In modern English, "to vent one's spleen" means to vent one's anger,
• e.g. by shouting (applied to both males and females)
• English term "splenetic" is used to describe a person in a foul mood.

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 3. According to their usefulness.

• Akhlat Mahmudah • Primary fluids (ratubat

• Akhlat Ghair ula) are those four
Mahmudah or akhlat (humours)
Fadhaliyah • Secondary fluids
(Ratubat shaniyah) are
of two kinds;
– Fudhul and
– Ghayr fudhul

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 5. According to their thickness
• Latifat (fineness)
• Katifat (coarseness).

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 6. According to their quality
• Tabai (normal)
• Ghair tabai (abnormal).

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