Assignment-Operation Research

• Topic :- Quality Management

 Quality Management process
• Monitoring
• Objectives
• Testing
• Analysing
• Processes
• Improvement
• Procedures
• Effectiveness
• Audit
• Control
• Measures
What Is Quality Management?
Quality management is the act of overseeing all activities and tasks that must
be accomplished to maintain a desired level of excellence. This includes the
determination of a quality policy, creating and implementing quality planning
and assurance, and quality control and quality improvement. It is also referred
to as total quality management (TQM).
In general, quality management focuses on long-term goals through the
implementation of short-term initiatives. 
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Quality Management
KEY TAKEAWAYS
•Quality management is the act of overseeing all activities and tasks needed to
maintain a desired level of excellence.
•Quality management includes the determination of a quality policy, creating
and implementing quality planning and assurance, and quality control and
quality improvement.
•TQM requires that all stakeholders in a business work together to improve
• Understanding Quality Management
• At its core, TQM is a business philosophy that champions the idea that the long-term
success of a company comes from customer satisfaction and loyalty. TQM requires that
all stakeholders in a business work together to improve processes, products, services
and the culture of the company itself.
• While TQM seems like an intuitive process, it came about as a revolutionary idea. The
1920s saw the rise in reliance on statistics and statistical theory in business, and the
first-ever known control chart was made in 1924. People began to build on theories of
statistics and ended up collectively creating the method of statistical process control
(SPC). However, it wasn't successfully implemented in a business setting until the
1950s.
• It was during this time that Japan was faced with a harsh industrial economic
environment. Its citizens were thought to be largely illiterate, and its products were
known to be of low quality. Key businesses in Japan saw these deficiencies and looked
to make a change. Relying on pioneers in statistical thinking, companies such as Toyota
integrated the idea of quality management and quality control into their production
processes.
• By the end of the 1960s, Japan completely flipped its narrative and became known as
one of the most efficient export countries, with some of the most admired products.
Effective quality management resulted in better products that could be produced at a
cheaper price.
• Real-World Example of Quality Management
• The most famous example of TQM is Toyota's
implementation of the Kanban system. A kanban is a physical
signal that creates a chain reaction, resulting in a specific
action. Toyota used this idea to implement its just-in-time (
JIT) inventory process. To make its assembly line more
efficient, the company decided to keep just enough inventory
on hand to fill customer orders as they were generated.
• Therefore, all parts of Toyota's assembly line are assigned a
physical card that has an associated inventory number. Right
before a part is installed in a car, the card is removed and
moved up the supply chain, effectively requesting another of
the same part. This allows the company to keep its inventory
lean and not overstock unnecessary assets.