What are the geophysical methods?

Exploration geophysics is an applied branch

of geophysics and economic geology, which
uses physical methods, such as seismic,
gravitational, magnetic, electrical and
electromagnetic at the surface of the Earth to
measure the physical properties of the
subsurface, along with the anomalies in those
properties.
What are the methods of geophysical
exploration?

Surface geophysical methods include magnetic,

gravity, seismic refraction, seismic reflection,
electrical resistivity, natural potential and,ground
penetrating radar.

The method(s) selected will depend on the type

of information needed, the nature of the
subsurface materials and cultural interferences.
How is gravity method used in oil exploration?

Gravity and magnetic methods are an essential

part of oil exploration.

They do not replace seismic. ...

These geophysical methods passively measure

natural variations in the earth's gravity and
magnetic fields over a map area and then try to
relate these variations to geologic features in the
subsurface
Which method is used for detailed exploration
of oil and gas?

“Seismic prospecting” is the most

widely used geophysical technique in
hydrocarbon exploration.

It sends artificially created elastic oscillations

(seismic waves) though the rock strata which
can create a “map” of the structure of deposits.
Which method is used for detailed exploration
of oil and gas?

“Seismic prospecting” is the most

widely used geophysical technique in
hydrocarbon exploration.

It sends artificially created elastic oscillations

(seismic waves) though the rock strata which
can create a “map” of the structure of deposits.
What is a gravity survey?

A Gravity survey is an indirect (surface) means

of calculating the density property of subsurface
materials.

The higher the gravity values, the denser the

rock beneath.
What is airborne gravity survey?

The survey planes are normal aircraft with

scientific instruments on board.

Noise levels on the ground will be transient and

less than the sound of a passing motorbike.

Specialised gravity-sensing instrumentation will

be used to measure extremely small variations in
the Earth's natural gravitational pull.
Principle sketch of the helicopter gravimetry
system with GPS receivers
Measuring aircraft
 Airborne gravimetry

Measuring the earth’s gravity field from the air

Principle of airborne gravimetry
Afghanistan Airborne Bouguer Gravity Anomaly
Map at 7,000 m Above Ground
A GPS station at work surveying southern
Colorado. 
Three geophysical methods used in petroleum
exploration comprise magnetic, gravimetric, and
seismic

(including refraction/reflection) techniques. ...

The seismic reflection method is universally

used for determining the underground geological
structure of a reservoir rock in a certain area.