INTERNATIONAL RELATION

SUBMITTED TO:
MAM AMBREEN
SUBMITTED BY:
FARIHA AMJAD
ROLL NO:
14 ( B.SC SEMESTER 01) (SECTION –A)
 INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATION
• INTRODUCTION:
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH STATES
ESTABLISH AND DEVELOP FORMAL,COUNTINUING INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES
FOR THE CONDUCT OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH EACH
OTHER.IT REPRESENTS A REACTION TO THE EXTREME DECENTRALIZATION OF THE
TRADITIONAL SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND AN EFFORT BY STATESMEN
TO ADAPT THE MECHANICS OF THAT SYSTEM TO THE REQUIREMENTS POSED BY THE
CONSTANTLY INCREASING COMPLEXITY OF THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF STATES.
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
• THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION HAD ITS ORIGINS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, LARGELY IN
EUROPE. INNOVATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RISE OF INDUSTRIALISM AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW METHODS
OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION STIMULATED THE CREATION OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE AGENCIES, USUALLY
CALLED PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL UNIONS, DESIGNED TO FACILITATE THE COLLABORATION OF GOVERNMENTS IN
DEALING WITH ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND TECHNICAL PROBLEMS. NOTABLE AMONG THESE WERE THE
INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPHIC UNION (1865) AND THE UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION (1874), WHICH SURVIVED TO
BECOME SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM (THE FORMER UNDER THE TITLE 
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION) AFTER WORLD WAR II. IN THE POLITICAL FIELD, AN EFFORT TO
INSTITUTIONALIZE THE DOMINANT ROLE OF THE GREAT POWERS OF EUROPE WAS UNDERTAKEN AT THE 
CONGRESS OF VIENNA IN 1815. WHILE THE RESULTANT CONCERT OF EUROPE DID NOT ASSUME THE CHARACTER OF
A STANDING POLITICAL ORGANIZATION, THE SAME PATTERN FUNCTIONED UNTIL WORLD WAR I AS THE
FRAMEWORK FOR A SYSTEM OF OCCASIONAL GREAT-POWER CONFERENCES WHICH LENT SOME SUBSTANCE TO THE
IDEA THAT THE EUROPEAN FAMILY OF STATES CONSTITUTED AN ORGANIZED ENTITY. THIS CONCEPT WAS
BROADENED BY THE HAGUE CONFERENCES OF 1899 AND 1907, WHICH ADMITTED SMALL STATES AS WELL AS GREAT
POWERS, AND EXTRA-EUROPEAN AS WELL AS EUROPEAN STATES, TO PARTICIPATION IN COLLECTIVE POLITICAL
DELIBERATIONS.
 PURPOSE
• HE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IS HELPING TO SET THE INTERNATIONAL AGENDA,
MEDIATING POLITICAL BARGAINING,(PUBLIC CHOICE, OR PUBLIC CHOICE THEORY, IS "THE
USE OF ECONOMIC TOOLS TO DEAL WITH TRADITIONAL PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE".[1]
 ITS CONTENT INCLUDES THE STUDY OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR. IN POLITICAL SCIENCE, IT IS
THE SUBSET OF POSITIVE POLITICAL THEORY THAT STUDIES SELF-INTERESTED AGENTS
 (VOTERS, POLITICIANS, BUREAUCRATS) AND THEIR INTERACTIONS, WHICH CAN BE
REPRESENTED IN A NUMBER OF WAYS – USING (FOR EXAMPLE) STANDARD CONSTRAINED 
UTILITY MAXIMIZATION, GAME THEORY, OR DECISION THEORY.)
PROVIDING A PLACE FOR POLITICAL INITIATIVES AND ACTING AS CATALYSTS FOR COALITION-
FORMATION. THEY FACILITATE COOPERATION AND COORDINATION AMONG MEMBER NATIONS.
 REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
• INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS TYPICALLY HAVE MEMBER STATES FROM THE WHOLE WORLD,
HOWEVER IN SOME CASES ORGANIZATIONS HAVE GEOGRAPHIC LIMITATIONS, SUCH AS THE 
EUROPEAN UNION, AFRICAN UNION AND NATO. THE UNITED NATIONS ALSO HAS REGIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS, SUCH AS UNECE AND UNECA.(THE UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR
AFRICA (UNECA OR ECA) WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1958 BY THE UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
COUNCIL TO ENCOURAGE ECONOMIC COOPERATION AMONG ITS MEMBER STATES (THE NATIONS OF THE
AFRICAN CONTINENT)[1] FOLLOWING A RECOMMENDATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL
ASSEMBLY
• IT IS ONE OF FIVE REGIONAL COMMISSIONS.
• THE OLDEST REGIONAL ORGANIZATION  IS THE CENTRAL COMMISSION FOR NAVIGATION ON THE RHINE ,
CREATED IN 1815 BY THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA
 INTERNATIONAL NGOS
• INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (IGOS),
(AN INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (IGO) OR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION IS AN ORGANIZATION
 COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF SOVEREIGN STATES (REFERRED TO AS MEMBER STATES), OR OF OTHER
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS. IGOS ARE ESTABLISHED BY A TREATY THAT ACTS AS A CHARTER CREATING
THE GROUP. TREATIES ARE FORMED WHEN LAWFUL REPRESENTATIVES (GOVERNMENTS) OF SEVERAL STATES GO
THROUGH A RATIFICATION PROCESS, PROVIDING THE IGO WITH AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PERSONALITY.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW.) IN ORDER TO
CLARIFY THE DISTINCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (INGOS), WHICH ARE NON-
GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) THAT OPERATE INTERNATIONALLY. THESE INCLUDE INTERNATIONAL NON-
PROFIT ORGANIZATION SUCH AS THE WORLD ORGANIZATION OF THE SCOUT MOVEMENT, INTERNATIONAL
COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS AND MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIERS, BUT ALSO NGOS THAT LOBBY ON BEHALF OF FOR-
PROFIT COMPANIES SUCH AS THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM.