Sir!!!

And
dami naman!
IDENTIFY THE NAME OF THE BONE
And answer the questions
What is this bone’s
laterality? Left or
Right?
What is this bone’s
laterality? Left or
Right?
Where is this bone located?
What is this bone’s
laterality? Left or
Right?
Between the 2 bones, which one
is more lateral?
Who has a broader bone of this kind, male or female?
Between the 2 bones, which
one is more medial?
Of all the bones in the feet, this bone is the
largest. True or false?
TRIVIAS
• 1. what is the longest bone in the body?
•2. where are the 3 smallest
bone in the body located?
3. How many bones are there in the
human skeletal system?
• 5. there are how many carpal bones?
• 6. Phalanges are found in the digits of both hands and feet. TRUE or FALSE
• 7. what is the COLAR BONE’s medical term?
Give the definitions of the following prefixes.
• a- ________________________________
• dis- ________________________________
• hydr- ________________________________
• inter- ________________________________
• meta- ________________________________
Identifying Medical Terms: In the spaces provided, write the medical terms for the following
meanings.
– _______________________________ Inflammation of the joints of the hands or feet
– _______________________________ Abnormal condition of stiffening of a joint
– _______________________________ Inflammation of a joint
– _______________________________ Pertaining to the heel bone
– _______________________________ Pertaining to cartilage
– _______________________________ Pain in the coccyx
– _______________________________ Pertaining to the rib cartilage
– _______________________________ Surgical excision of a portion of the skull
– _______________________________ Pertaining to the finger or toe
– _______________________________ Surgical instrument used for cutting bone
Using the following word parts, fill
in the blanks to build the correct
medical terms.
a) -al
a) dactyl
b) -dynia
b) oste/o
c) -poiesis
c) scoli
d) -osis
d) meta-
e) -oid
e) patell  

Pain in the coccyx (tailbone) coccygo______

Pertaining to the finger or toe ____________ic
An abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
lord__________
Pertaining to the bones of the hand ________carpals
Formation of bone marrow myelo________
Softening of bone _______malacia
Pertaining to the kneecap ___________ar
• Bonus:
–The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
THE HUMAN
SKELETAL
SYSTEM
Functions
– To give shape and structure to the body and provide support
– To allow movement
– To protect internal organs
– To store calcium and other minerals (bones)
• Hematopoiesis (hemat/o: blood, poiesis: production)
– To produce certain blood cells (bone marrow)
– Provides a place for tendon, ligaments and muscle attachments
Specialties and Specialists
• Structures
– The body has 206 bones
– The skeleton(composed of
bones and cartilages) is
divided into the axial
skeleton and appendicular
skeleton
– Bones articulate (meet) at
joints
Epiphysis- the rounded end of a long bone

Metaphysis-Between
the epiphysis and diaphysis (the long
midsection of the long bone)
*** the epiphyseal plate (growth plate).

Diaphysis- the main elongated portion of a

bone
Diaphysis, is composed of
several tissue layers
• Periosteum- the thin fibrous
outer membrane
• Compact bone- the thick layer
of hard
• Medullary cavity- the inner
portion of a bone
BONE COMBINING FORM COMMON NAME

Cranium Crani/o skull

BONE COMBINING FORM COMMON NAME

Bones of the Chest:

Clavicle Clavicul/o Collarbone
Costa Cost/o Rib
Scapula Scapulo/o Shoulder bone/blade
Sternum Stern/o breastbone
BONE COMBINING COMMON NAME
FORM

Bones of the
pelvis
Ili/o
Ilium Ischi/o All of the 3: Hip
Ischium Pub/o Bone
Pubis
BONE COMBINING COMMON NAME
FORM
Bones of the arm
and hand:
Humer/o Upper arm bone
Humerus Radi/o The two: bones of
Radius Uln/o the forearm
Ulna Carp/o
Carpals Metacarp/o Wrist bones
Metacarpals Phalang/o Bones of the hand
Phalenges Bones of the
fingers
BONE COMBINING COMMON NAME
FORM
Bones of the leg
and feet:

Femur Femor/o Thigh bone

Patella Patell/o Knee cap
Fibula Fibul/o The two: bones of
Tibia Tibi/o the lower leg
Tarsals Tars/o Ankle bones
Metatarsals Metatars/o Bones of the feet
phalenges Phalang/o Bones of the toes
 BONE COMBINING FORM COMMON NAME

Vertebra (pl Vertebr/o or spondyl/o Bones of the spinal

Vertebrae) column
Cervic/o
Cervical Thorac/o
Thoracic Lumb/o
Lumbar Sacr/o;
Sacral Coccygeal;coccyge/o
coccygeal
The VERTEBRAL column
The vertebr/al or spin/al column supports the body and
provides a protective bony canal for the spinal cord
composed of 26 bones known as vertebrae (singular, vertebra).
There are five regions of these bones in the vertebr/al column,
each of which derives its name from its location along the
length of the spin/al column
• Seven(2) cervical vertebrae form the skeletal framework of the neck.
• Twelve (5) thoracic vertebrae support the chest and serve as a point of articulation for the ribs
• the (6) lumbar vertebrae are situated in the lower back and carry most of the weight of the torso
• Below the lumbar vertebrae are five sacral vertebrae that are fused into a single bone in the adult
• the (8) coccyx
• INJURY TO THE
SPINE
– The spinal cord function
• relay messages from the brain to
different parts of the body, to
perform an action, to pass along
messages from sensory receptors
to the brain, and to coordinate
reflexes
• Spinal Cord Injury =
– may cause paralysis below the
point of injury
– damage to the spinal cord that
causes temporary or permanent
changes in its function. Symptoms
may include loss of muscle function,
sensation, or autonomic function in
the parts of the body served by
the spinal cord below the level of
the injury.
• Paraplegia-
paralysis of the
lower part of the
body and of both
legs
• Quadriplegia-
paralysis of the
arms and legs
• MALFORMATIONS
OF THE SPINE
– Congenital some
spinal malformations
are congenital and
others can result
from postural or
nutritional defects or
injury
• SPINA BIFIDA
– Congenital
abnormality
characterized by
defective closure
of the bones of
the spine
• SCOLIOSIS
– Lateral
curvature of the
spine
• Kyphosis
– Aka Humpback or Hunchback
– Exaggerated curvature of the spine from front to back
– Can result from congenital disorders but it is also seen in osteoporosis
affecting women who suffer from calcium deficiency after menopause
• OTHER TERMS
RELATED TO THE
SPINE
– SPINAL ANESTHESIA
• Loss of feeling
produced by an
anesthetic injected
into the spinal canal
• Spinal
Puncture
– Also called spinal
tap or lumbar
puncture
– Puncture of the
spinal cavity with a
needle, either to
extract the fluid for
diagnostic
purposes or to
introduce agents
into the spinal
canal for
anesthesia
• Spinal fluid
– A clear, colorless
liquid that circulates
throughout the brain
and the spinal cord
– Cerebro-spinal-fluid
• CARTILAGE
– Combining form: chondr/o
– S[ecialized type of connective
tissue that is elastic but strong
and can withstand
considerable pressure or
tension
– Ie external ear, nasal septum,
the windpipe , between the
vertebrae and as a covering of
bone surfaces at the places
where they meet
• ARTICULATIONS AND
ASSOCIATED
STRUCTURES
– JOINT: a place of union
between two or more
bones
• Naming of joint
• Arthr/o
– Polyarthritis
– Arthrodynia, arthralgia
• Bursae
– Sacs of fluid located
in areas of friction,
especially in the
joints.
– Burs/o
• Ligament:
– Are strong bands of
fibrous connective
tissue that connects
bones or cartilages
and serve to support
and strengthen
bones
• DISEASES, DISORDERS, AND
DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
• Fracture
– a break or crack in the bone
– defined according to the type and
extent of the break
• (1) closed fracture means the bone is
broken with no open wound, and
surrounding tissue damage is minimal.
• (2) open fracture, also called a compound
fracture, means the broken end of a bone
pierces the skin, creating an open wound
• Dislocation
– Is the
displacement
of a bone from
a joint
Reduction
Pulling of the broken bone into
alignment; relocating a dislocated bone
close reduction vs open reduction

Fixation
rod or plate is inserted to stabilize
the bone’s alignment
internal vs external
• OSTEITIS
DEFORMANS
– Skeletal disease of the
elderly that is
characterized by chronic
inflammation and bowing
of the long bones
• Sprain
– pain and disability
that was caused by
injury to a ligament.
Graded according to
severity
– Arthroscopy
– Arthroscope