MIXTURES

TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MATTER
 II. MIXTURE
-combination of different substances where
each substance retains its chemical identity and
properties
 II. MIXTURE
-components are not chemically combined,
therefore, can be separated easily through
physical means
 MIXTURE COMPOUNDS
made of elements, compounds or made of elements
both
there is no change in original there is change in original
properties properties
does not need heat (mostly)or needs heat or electricity to
electricity to separate separate
made using any ratio of made using definite
components ratio/proportion of components
 II.A. HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE
-composition is uniform all throughout
- small particles are evenly distributed
 II.A. HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE
- components are not easily identifiable (esp.
when dissolved completely) because they assume
one phase only
 II.A. HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE
- components are not easily identifiable (esp.
when dissolved completely) because they assume
one phase only
 II.A. HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE
-also called solution because of its two parts:
a. Solvent – one that dissolves another and is
in greater amount
- is usually liquid (but doesn’t always have to
be)

b. Solute – one that is dissolved in another

and in lesser amount
 TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
Solute Solvent
 II.B. HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
-most, if not all, components are visible because
they do not completely mix together
-particles are not distributed evenly
 HAND PICKING

-used when the particles

are large enough to be
seen

-solid-solid mixtures

-pebbles from sand

-fruits from a salad
 THRESHING

-used to separate grains

from stalks after
harvesting

-solid-solid mixtures

-rice from their stalks

-oats from their stalks
 WINNOWING

-mixture is allowed to fall

from a height and lets
wind separate the light
materials

-solid-solid mixtures

-dust/dirt from rice

 SIEVING
-mixture is passed
through a sieve, strainer,
sifter to separate large
particles from finer
particles

-solid-solid mixtures (dry)

-gravel from sand

-flour
 MAGNETISM
-magnets are used to
remove iron and other
magnetic materials from
the mixture

-solid-solid mixtures (with

magnetic properties)

-iron from sand

-metals from the ground
 FILTRATION
-mixture of solid and
fluids are passed
through a medium
where only fluids can
pass

-solid-liquid, solid-gas
mixtures

-dusty air, dirty water

 SCOOPING
-unwanted materials are
scooped out of a mixture

-solid-liquid mixtures
(ex. soup)

-liquid-solid mixtures
(ex. taho)
 FLOTATION
-allowing light materials to
float and other materials
sink because of difference
in densities

-solid-liquid, liquid-liquid
and gas-liquid mixtures

-oil from water

-dirt from rice
 DECANTATION
-allowing mixture to
separate because of
gravity, the lighter material
(liquid) is poured off

-solid-liquid, liquid-liquid
(immiscible) mixtures

-muddy water
-dirt from rice
SEDIMENTATION
-allowing mixture to
separate because of
gravity over time, the
lighter material (liquid) is
poured off

-solid-liquid, liquid-liquid
mixtures

-muddy water
-suspensions
 EVAPORATION
-mixture is heated to turn
the liquid into vapor
leaving solid behind

-solid-liquid mixtures

-salt solution
-sediments in tap water
SIMPLE DISTILLATION
-mixture is heated to turn
the liquid into vapor
leaving solid behind and
then condensing the liquid

-solid-liquid mixtures

-salt solution
-medicine with oils
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
-mixture is heated to turn
the liquid with lower
boiling point into vapor
and then condensing the
liquid

-liquid-liquid (miscible)
mixtures

-alcohol/water solution
-petroleum, kerosene
CENTRIFUGATION
-Spinning the mixture
very fast making the
denser particles to settle
at the bottom

-solid-liquid, liquid-liquid
mixtures

-blood (DNA, blood cells)

-sugar solution
CENTRIFUGATION
-Spinning the mixture
very fast making the
denser particles to settle
at the bottom

-solid-liquid, liquid-liquid
mixtures

-blood (DNA, blood cells)

-sugar solution
PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
-Mixture of different
colors are separated
from each other

-liquid-liquid, solid-liquid
mixtures

-dyes, coloring materials

END