ERGONOMICS

REXIE G. FLORES, MD, DPAFP

MEDSERV Medical Staff
The Human Body
 There are 639 muscles in human body
The Human Skeletal System
There are 208 bones in adult human.
ERGONOMICS
 Is concerned with the fitting between
people and their work.
 Design in order to optimize human well-
being and overall systems performance.
 The field is also called human
engineering and human factors.
ERGONOMICS
 SAFETY SIGNS is a part of Ergonomics.
Ergonomics
 Personal Protective Devices: PPD’s
ERGONOMICS
The Spine
 Our back Is composed
Of 3 natural curves that
Form an S shape. When
Our curves are aligned,
Your ears, shoulders and
Hips are in straight line.
Good posture helps prevents
Back strain and pain. Poor
Posture can lead to pain and
Serious injury.
The Three Curves
 Cervical curve
 Neck
 Thoracic curve
 Middle back
 Lumbar curve
 Lower back
ERGONOMICS
GOALS
 It’s global aim is fitting the workplace to
the worker
 It’s goal in the workplace is to prevent
injuries and illness (work related
musculoskeletal disorders or WMDs) by
reducing or eliminating worker exposure
to occupational hazards.
Five Aspects of Ergonomics
 SAFETY
 COMFORT
 EASE OF USE
 PRODUTIVITY / PERFORMANCE
 AESTHETICS
ERGONOMICS
Lifting With Proper Posture
 Lifting is strenuous. It requires proper
training and technique.
 Five steps
 Get close to the load
 Maintain your curves
 Tighten your stomach muscles
 Lift your legs
 Pivot don’t twist.
Picking Up a Heavy Object
 Remember to get close
To the object, bend at
Knees, and lift with your
Leg muscles. Don't bend
At your waist.
Picking Up a Light Object
 To lift a very light object
From the floor, such as a
Piece of paper, lean over
The object slightly bend one
And extend the other leg
Behind you. Hold on to a
Nearby chair or table for
Support as you reach down
To the object.
Holding an Heavy Object
 While your are holding
The object, keep your
Slightly bent to maintain
Your balance. If you have
To move the object to one
Side, avoid twisting your
body. Point your toes in the
Direction you want to move
And pivot in that direction.
Keep the object close to you
When moving.
Placing an Object on a Shelf
 If you must place an
Object on a shelf, move as
Close as possible to the
Shelf. Spread your feet in
A wide stance, positioning
One foot in front of the
Other to give you a solid
Base support. Do not lean
& don’t fully extend your
Arms while holding the object
In your hand.
Placing an Object on a Shelf
 If the shelf is chest high,
Move close to the shelf and
Place your feet apart and 1
Foot forward. Lift the object
Chest high keep your elbows
At your side and position
Your hands so you can push
The object up and on to the
Shelf. Remember to tighten
Your stomach muscles before
Lifting.
Supporting Your Back While
Sitting:
 When sitting keep your
back in a normal slightly
Arched position. Make sure
Your chair supports your
Lower back. Keep your head
& shoulders erect. Make sure
Your working surface is at
Proper height so you don’t have
To lean forward. Once an hour
If possible stand & stretch. Place
Your hands on your lower back
And gently arch backward.
Ang ilang pangkaraniwang mga panganib sa trabaho at ilang
pamamaraan kung paano kayo matutulungan ng ergonomics.

Mga panganib at
Bahagi ng Mga Halimbawa Posibleng Posibleng
Katawan na sa Trabaho Kapinsalaan Solusyon
Naapektuhan

Likod
Mapuwersa ang kalamnan/ Bawasan ang bigat ng kahon,
Paglilipat ng mabibigat o kaya ay
pinsala sa disc gumamit ng mga mekanikal na
Pagbubuhat di pangkaraniwang hugis na mga
pantulong, halimbawa – dolly,
kahon   hoist, forklift

Maglagay ng suporta sa paa,

Pananakit ng kalamnan/pagod,
Matagal na pag-upo ng Nakaupo ng mahabang oras sa magpalit ng ginagawa para
bawas na sirkulasyon ng dugo sa
walang suporta sa paa kompyuter o makina makagalaw ng patayo mula sa
mga binti
pagkakaupo

Leeg
Itagilid/itikwas ang mesang
Pag-iinspeksiyon ng mga parte,
Pagtatrabaho ng ang ulo Pananakit ng leeg/sa bandang pinag- iinspeksiyunan paharap
pagtingin sa mga kontrols o
ay nakatungo o kaya ay itaas ng likod, kalamnan at sa manggagawa, ilagay ang
pagharap sa monitor ng
nakatingala pulikat monitor ng kompyuter na
kompyuter
kapantay ng mata
Shoulder (Balikat)
Balikat
Pag-abot ng mga bagay na mataas
sa dibdib
Pagtatrabaho ng nakataas ang siko
Paglalagay ng materyales
sa matataas na Tendonaytis sa balikat, Ibaba ang taas ng estante,
estante, pagbatak ng pupulsuhan/ bawasan ang taas ng
materyales mula sa pananakit ng likod makina
makina
Tendonaytis, bursaytis,
Ibaba ang mesang
Pananahi, pag-iinspeksiyon pananakit ng likod sa
pinagtatrabahuhan
bandang itaas
Hands, Hips, and Legs
(Kamay, Balakang, mga Binti)
Kamay
Pananahi, paglapang ng
poltri, pagkaklase- Gumamit ng kagamitan na
Mabilis na pag ikot o pagbaluktok ng klase ng mga bagay Tendonaytis, carpal tunnel angkop sa kamay,
pupulsuhan bagay, syndrome magbreak at
pagiinspeksiyon, magpahinga
pagbubuo

Baguhin ng bahagya ang

keyboard, alisin ang
asiwang
Tendonaytis, carpal tunnel pagkakapuwesto sa
Nakabaluktot na pupulsuhan Pagmamakinilya, pagbubuo
syndrome, ganglions pamamagitan ng
maayos na kagamitan
at proseso ng
pagbubuo

Balakang/Binti
Bawas na pagdaloy ng dugo Maglagay ng silya, tuntungan
Pagbubuo, pagpi-pinising,
Nakatayo ng matagal na hindi sa binti, varicose sa paa na
pagpapatakbo ng
nagpapalit ng posisyon veins paglaki ng mga nakababawas ng
makina
ugat pagkapagod
Poor Ergonomics
 This can lead to several Musculoskeletal
Disorders (MSD)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
 Inflammatory disorder that caused due
to repetitive stress, physical injury or
any condition that causes the tissues
around the median nerve to inflate.
 Pinched nerve (Median nerve) in the
wrist.
 Compression can be due to swollen
tendons and thickened ligaments.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
 Signs and Symptoms
 Pain
 Numbness
 Tingling sensation
 Prevention
 In between rest
 Exercise
 Management
 Analgesic
 Surgery
Tendonitis
 Inflammation, irritation and swelling of a
tendon.
 Occur as a result a results of injury, overuse
or with aging as the tendon losses elasticity.
 Symptoms:
 Tenderness over the tendon
 Pain with movement of muscles & tendons
 Swelling of the tendon
Tendonitis
Tendonitis: Causes
 Physical work-related factors
 Intense, repeated and sustain exertion
 Awkward, sustained or extreme posture
 Insufficient recovery time bet. Activities
 Vibration and cold temperature
 Psychological work-related factors
 Time pressure, high work load
 Lack of peer support, poor supervisor employee
relationship.
 Oral and Parenteral Fluoroquinolone Tx
Tendonitis: Prevention
 Warm up properly before activities.
 Stretch tendon before & after activity.
 Take frequent rest breaks
 Use proper form and posture
 If you feel pain in your tendons and joint,
stop the activity.
 Choose footwear best suits the activity
 Stay in good shape.
Tendonitis: Treatment
 Stop activity that caused the pain
 Rest the affected area at least 3 weeks
 If possible, brace the area
 Apply anti-inflammatory to the area
 Re-evaluate after 3 weeks
 Light resistance movement / stretching
 Start light exercise
 Ease back into activity
Tendonitis:
Conclusion:
 Ergonomics:
 Is at the center of all types of work situations and
how comfortable we are in those working
situations.
 Has to do largely with the safety of employees
both long and short-term.
 Can help reduce company costs by improving
safety.
 Can help reduce significantly the cases of work-
related musculoskeletal disorders or WMD.
ERGONOMICS

MARAMING SALAMAT PO!!