ARTICLE 114.

TREASON
Elements
1. Offender is a Filipino or resident alien;
2. There is a war in which the Philippines is involved;
3. Offender either –
a. levies war against the government; or
b. adheres to the enemies, giving them aid or comfort within the
Philippines or
elsewhere
REQUIREMENTS OF LEVYING WAR
1. Actual assembling of men;
2. To execute a treasonable design by force;
3. Intent is to deliver the country in whole or in part to the enemy; and
4. Collaboration with foreign enemy or some foreign sovereign

TWO WAYS OF PROVING TREASON

1. Testimony of at least two witnesses to the same overt act; or
2. Confession of accused in open court.