Overview of Disaster Risk

Reduction & Management

Framework & Principles
 The Resource Speaker
ENGR. ALVIN N. MAGDAONG CE/JGE
Disaster Risk Reduction & Disaster Risk Management (DRRM)
Resource Person /Consultant
Former Training Officer – Office Of Civil Defense05-DND
(2004-2008)
Former Calamity Fund Engineer (CFMU) – OCD5-DND
Former Visiting Professor- MSDRM Central Bicol State
University of Agriculture (CBSUA) (2008-2010)

DRRM Resource Person/ Consultant for PLAN International

(SAMAR Provinces Program Units)
Marketing Executive- Freelife International, Philippines

Contact Nos. (63) 0927-5800329 (Globe)

(63) 0921-4871352 (Smart)
Email: anm_drrmnet@yahoo.com
Website: www.alvinmagdaong.freelife.com
 Coverage of Presentation
 Known Realities in RP
 DRRM Framework & Principles
 Defining DRR & DRM
 PDRRMS Legal Mandate & Basis
 Climate Change
 Climate Change Act
 Implementing Strategies for
DRRM
 COST OF DISASTERS (UN Report)
 From 1994 to 2003, close to 2.5 billion people have
been affected by natural disasters worldwide –
an increase of 60% over the past decade.
 More than 478,000 people were
killed during this period
 FLOODS and EARTHQUAKES are
the deadliest natural disasters,
accounting for more than Half of
the total casualties
 Asia is the continent most affected during this period,
accounting for more than half of the casualties, and
more than 90% of those injured, left homeless or
needing assistance
KNOWN HAZARDS IN THE
BICOL REGION

Typhoons
Floods / Storm Surges
Landslides
Drought
Earthquakes
Volcanic Eruptions
Epidemics
Agricultural (Infestations)
 KNOWN REALITIES
 RP’s geographical location

The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western rim of the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of the
Pacific Ring of Fire), a most active part of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of
active volcanoes and earthquake generators (fault lines).
EARTHQUAKE
GENERATORS
OF THE
PHILIPPINE
ARCHIPELAGO
“Hazardscape” of the Philippines
The geographic and
geologic setting of the
Philippines make it
prone to various
hazards, including:

•Typhoon/rain- related
•Volcano-related
•Earthquake-related
•Tsunami

INACTIVE VOLCANO
ACTIVEVOLCANO
EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER
Going Through the framework Requires Defining the
following:

Hazard – Natural and Man-made

Risk, Elements at Risk
Vulnerability – Factors
Capacity – (material, manpower, & financial,
skills, systems etc.)
Response, Relief, Rehabilitation,
Reconstruction
Development, Prevention, Mitigation &
Preparedness, Disaster , Disaster Risk
Reduction
THE CYCLE

DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE/RELIEF

MITIGATION REHABILITATION

PREVENTION RECONSTRUCTION

DEVELOPMENT
A Phenomenon or situation, which
has the potential to cause disruption or
damage to people,
their property, their
services and their
environment
The probability that
a community’s structure or Geographic area is
to be
damaged or disrupted
by the impact of a
particular hazard, on
account of their nature, construction,
and proximity to a hazardous area.
Are the Persons,
Buildings, Crops
and other such
like societal
components exposed
to known hazard,
which are likely to
be adversely affected
by the impact of the hazard.
Is a condition or sets
of conditions that
reduces people’s
ability to prepare
for, withstand or
respond to a hazard
1
If vulnerability will
not be addressed or
lessened the result
is ??????

DISASTER
Those positive
condition or
abilities which
increase a
community’s
ability to deal
with hazards.
 Disaster Risk
Hazard Vulnerability
=
Capacity
Disaster Risk *
The potential disaster losses, in lives,
health status, livelihoods, assets and
services, which could occur to a
particular community or a society over
some specified future time period.
The definition of disaster risk reflects the concept of disasters as
the outcome of continuously present conditions of risk. Disaster
risk comprises different types of potential losses which are often
difficult to quantify. Nevertheless, with knowledge of the
prevailing hazards and the patterns of population and socio-
economic development, disaster risks can be assessed and
mapped, in broad terms at least.
Disaster Risk Management*
The systematic process of using administrative
directives, organizations, and operational skills
and capacities to implement strategies, policies
and improved coping capacities in order to
lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the
possibility of disaster.
 
This term is an extension of the more general term “risk management” to
address the specific issue of disaster risks. Disaster risk management aims
to avoid, lessen or transfer the adverse effects of hazards through activities
and measures for prevention, mitigation and preparedness.
Actions taken immediately
following the impact of a
disaster when exceptional
measures are
required to meet
the basic needs
of the survivors.
RESPONSE - Measures taken immediately
prior to, and following an emergency. Such measures
are directed towards saving life, protecting property,
and dealing with the immediate damage caused by the
disaster.
 EARLY WARNING
Timely and rapiddissemination of warnings to
threatened ommunities/populations,
 NOTIFICATION
Mobilization of response teams, activation of SOPs
& DOCs
 THE “GOLDEN HOUR” PRINCIPLE
The time within which lives could be saved and
injuries minimized
 CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT
Provision of emergency services by concerned agencies
Measures that are
required in search
and rescue of
survivors, as
well to meet the
basic needs for shelter,
water, food and health care.
The process
undertaken by a
disaster affected
community to
fully restore itself
to pre-disaster
level of functioning.
Actions taken in
the aftermath
of a disaster to:
-Assist victims to
repair their dwellings;
-Re-establish essential
services;
-Revive key economic
and social activities
Permanent measures
to repair or replace
damaged dwellings
and infrastructure
and to set the
economy back
on course.
Sustained efforts
intended to
Improve or maintain
the social and
economic well-being
of a community
Measures taken to
avert a disaster
from occurring,
if possible
(to impede a hazard
so that it does not have
any harmful effects).
Measures taken
prior to the impact
of a disaster to
minimize its
effects (sometimes
referred to as
structural and
non-structural measures).
Mitigation Activities
 HAZARD ASSESSMENT
to determine where it is safe to build in normal times,
to open evacuation centers as shelters in emergencies,
or to locate temporary housing after a disaster.
 ENFORCEMENT
of zoning, land-use and Building & Fire Codes.
 EDUCATING
the private sector and public on simple mitigation measures
to reduce loss and injury.
 INTEGRATING
hazard assessment results in development plans,
construction permits, design approvals, etc.
 RE-PLANNING
for disaster mitigation in the aftermath of a disaster, when
hazard awareness is high.
Measures taken in

Measures taken in anticipation

of a disaster to ensure
that appropriate and
effective Actions are
taken in the aftermath
or Measures
taken to predict various
emergencies and prepare
people to react appropriately during
and following such events.
Preparedness Activities
 PLANNING
DM plans, contingency plans, SOPs, mutual aid arrangements

 ADVOCACY
information dissemination thru mass media, enhancing
people’s awareness thru conduct of DM fora/briefing,
observance of disaster consciousness month, etc.

 EDUCATION & TRAINING

Orientation of local officials, deputized coordinators, auxiliaries,
volunteers, drills & rehearsals, CBDRM, etc.

 RESOURCES
5 M’s – Manpower, Materials, Methods, Machine & Money
 Disaster Risk
Hazard Vulnerability
=
Capacity
The serious disruption of the functioning of society,
causing widespread human,
material or environmental
losses, which exceed the
ability of the affected
people to cope using
their own resources.

An event, either
man-made or natural, sudden or
progressive, causing widespread human,
material or environmental losses.
 Rapid Onset Slow Onset

Broad Categories of Disasters

Natural Man-Made/Human Complex

Rapid Onset: Rapid Onset: Chemical, Rapid Onset: Civil

Earthquake, Fire, Flood, Transportation, Unrest, Riots,
Volcano, Tsunami, Biological, Pollution Terrorism, Guerilla
Landslide, Cyclone War, War

Slow Onset: Drought, Slow Onset:

Slow Onset:Crowd
Famine, Flood Deforestation,
Incidents, Flood
Pollution, Refugees,
Internally Displaced
People
Conceptual framework of elements
considered with the possibilities to minimize
vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout
a society, to avoid (Prevention) or to limit
(Mitigation and Preparedness) the adverse
impacts of hazards, within
the broad context of
sustainable development.
Dis as te r Ris k
Re duc tio n (DRR)
THE CYCLE

DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE/RELIEF

MITIGATION REHABILITATION

PREVENTION RECONSTRUCTION

DEVELOPMENT
 DRR
FRAMEWORK
Disaster

Early Warning
Disaster Risk Reduction

Emergency
Preparedness Response

Awareness and Capacity

Building Rehabilitation

Prevention/Mitigation
Reconstruction
Risk
Assessment
THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Disaster

. DISASTER

Disaster Risk
PREPAREDNESS
RESPONSE

Reduction
MITIGATION REHABILITATION
Rehabilitation

PREVENTION RECONSTRUCTION

DEVELOPMENT

vulnerability COMPONENTS OF DISASTER

}
reduced
reduce risk, risk assessments,
vulnerability plans, arrangements,
& hazard training & exercises VULNERABLE
HAZARD
Hazard

}
hazard/risk
analysis Earthquake Population
Prevention
Mitigation Preparedness Flood X Industry
Epidemics
pre event Agriculture
Fire
Vulnerability
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IS ALL
ABOUT PREVENTION, MITIGATION AND =
PREPAREDNESS. IT DOES NOT
INCLUDE RESPONSE AND
REHABILITATION.
Disaster
SUMMARY Rapid and Slow Onset

Natural
Hazard Man-made
Disaster Complex
Vulnerability
Mitigation
Preparedness D=H x V
H x V
Response D=
M/C
Rehabilitation
PD 1566 – R.A.
DRR
10121
H x V
R=H x V R=
M/C
In DRR keeping Risk as Risk is a
better option by not turning it to
Disaster. There are three levels or
risk Low Risk, Medium Risk,
High Risk. Lowering the
level of risk by addressing
vulnerability and increasing
capacity will result to
disaster avoidance.
Disaster Management & Development
 DM Trends in RP
Why the need for a pa ra digm shift of our DM
a pproaches a nd stra tegies from rea ctive to proa ctive.

Huma n Actions
Decrea se >
Increa se Vulnera bility

Na tura l Ha za rds
MAN
Na tura l Ha za rds

DISASTER

NATURE ENVIRONMENT
NDCC’s LEGAL AUTHORITY
PD 1566 JUNE 11, 1978
– Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Control
Capability and Establishing the National Program on
Community Disaster Preparedness

O R
D E D
M E N E D
A E A L
RE P

Under Section 28 of R.A. 10121 effective

May 27, 2010
 NEW LEGAL AUTHORITY
R.A. 10121 May 27, 2010
know as the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management
Act of 2010
(a consolidation of Senate Bill 3086 ad House Bill 6985 passed on February 01,
2010)

NDCC- National Disaster Coordinating Council shall henceforth be known as

the (under section 5)

National Disaster Risk Reduction &

Management Council or NDRRMC
 THE BDRRMC MEMBERS
The Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Council or BDRRMC

Under Section 11, R.A. 10121

(Organization on the Local Government Level)

The Barangay Coordinating Council or the BDCC shall cease to exist

and its Powers and Functions shall be henceforth be assume by the existing
Barangay Development Councils (BDCs) which shall serve as the lLDRRMCs in
every barangay.
 Significant Mandates of R.A. 10121
Section 12 : Local Disaster Risk Reduction &
Management Office (LDRRMO) (IRR-Rule -6)
There shall be an established LDRRMO in every Province, City,
Municipality and a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Committee ( BDRRMC) in every barangay which will be responsible for
setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination of
disaster risk mgt. programs within their territorial jurisdiction.
The LDRRMO shall be under the office of the Governor, Municipal & City
Mayors and the office of the Punong Barangay in the case of the BDRRMC.
The LDRRMO shall be initially organized and composed of a DRRMO to be
assisted by three (3) staff responsible for (1) Administration and Training (2)
Research and Planning (3) Operations & Warning. The LDRRMOs and the
BDRRMCs shall Organize, Train and directly supervise the local emergency
response teams and the Accredited Calamities &
Disasters Volunteers (ACDVs).
 Significant Mandates of R.A. 10121
Section 12 : (d)
The BDRRMC shall be a Regular Committee
of the existing BDC and shall be subject
thereto. The Punong Barangay shall facilitate
and ensure the participation of at least Two
(2) representatives from existing and active
Community–Based People’s Organizations
representing the most vulnerable and
marginalized groups in the Barangay.
Global Warming -refers to the rising average
temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans and its
projected continuation. In the last 100 years, Earth's
average surface temperature increased by about 0.8
°C (1.4 °F) with about two thirds of the increase
occurring over just the last three decades. Warming of
the Climate system is unequivocal, and scientists are
more than 90% certain most of it is caused by
increasing concentrations of Greenhouse Gases
produced by human activities such as Deforestation  
and burning Fossil Fuels.
Greenhouse Gases- A greenhouse gas (sometimes
abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs
and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This
process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.
 The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere
are water vapor , carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
and ozone. In the Solar system, the atmospheres of Venus,
Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause greenhouse
effects. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature
of the Earth; without them, Earth's surface would be on
average about 33 °C (59 °F)  colder than at present
 Anu – Ano ang mga
“GREENHOUSE GASES”
– Carbon Dioxide – cause by “Kaingin”,
Mining, Machines using gas, carbon or
coal, other petroleum products
– Methane – cause by Livestock Raising,
Improper Waste Disposal, Coal Beds,
Leaking Gas Pipelines, etc
– Nitrous Oxide – Agricultural Products,
Animal Waste
Ozone - or Trioxygen, is a Triatomic molecule,
consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is an allotrope of
oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic
allotrope (O2). Ozone in the lower atmosphere is an air
pollutant with harmful effects on the respiratory
systems of animals and will burn sensitive plants;
however, the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere is
beneficial, preventing damaging ultraviolet light from
reaching the Earth's surface. Ozone is present in low
concentrations throughout the Earth’s atmosphere.
Greenhouse Effect- The greenhouse effect is a
process by which thermal radiation from a planetary
surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse
gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part
of this re-radiation is back towards the surface,
energy is transferred to the surface and the lower
atmosphere. As a result, the average surface
temperature is higher than it would be if direct
heating by solar radiation were the only warming
mechanism
 Atmosphere
Mother Earth
Greenhouse Gases
water vapor , carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide,
and ozone

Man –made Pollution-Carbon Greenhouse

Monoxide (fossil fuel emissions), Effect
methane and other gases

Global Warming is
Aggravated Climate
Change
Climate Change - is a significant and lasting
change in the statistical distribution of Weather
patterns over Periods ranging from decades to
millions of years. It may be a change in average
weather conditions or the distribution of events
around that average (e.g., more or fewer
extreme weather events). Climate change may
be limited to a specific Region or may occur
across the whole Earth.
Additional Facts About GLOBAL
WARMING AT CLIMATE
CHANGE
 Bakit umiinit ang mundo?
– Natural lamang ang makaranas tayo ng init
dala ng Araw, at kailangan ang init upang
mabuhay ang mga Tao, Halaman, at
Hayop.
– Malaking bahagi nito ay bumabalik sa
atmospera at kalawakan
– Subalit dahil sa mga LIKAS NA GAWAIN
NG TAO, napipigilan ang pagbalik ng init
sapagkat ito’y nahaharang ng mga GAS na
naiipon sa atmospera
Noong Febraury 2007 – Fourth
Assesment Report (AR4)
napatunayan ng mga
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) experts na ang
mabilis na pagbabago ng Klima ay
resulta ng: Likas na Gawain sa
kapaligiran at Gawain ng mga Tao
 Gaano Katotoo ang Global
Warming o Climate Change?

– Data ng History at collected data

from World expert/ scientist and
research from IPCC – high
incidence of Global Warming
– High Concentration of “Carbon
Dioxide” content on iceberg
From 278 ppm before
industrialization, now 380 ppm
(ppm-parts-per-million)

High Concentration of Carbon

Dioxide results to Global
Warming, IPCC believes that
the culprits are “US”
Chloroflourocarbons – Industrial
Airconditioning, Refregirator and
Insulation
Ozone – Smoke Belching
vehicles, motors using gasoline
 Result of Climate Change/
GLOBAL WARMING
– Drier Land during Dry Season
– Flooding during Rainy Season
– Strong Winds and unpredictable
rainy season
– Stronger Typhoon
– More Heat Waves and Cold Waves
– Resulting to more Damage in
Property and Lives
The Low Quality of Air as consequence of
High Greenhouse Gases will result to the
following:
– Destruction of Forest – mines, kaingin,
illegal logging, etc.
– Low Production/ Quality of Agricultural
Products – climate change – irrigation –
supply
– Damage of Water Reservation, Rivers –
high level of sea water
– Disturbance/ Damage of Ecosystem – rise
in sea temperature – destruction of coral
reefs, mangrove or bakawan, sea grass
beds
– Sinking of Coastal Community/ Beaches
– melting of glaciers at Antartica/ Polar
Region – high level of sea
– Health Condition of the Population will
deteriorate – epidemic like malaria,
dengue, cholera, dysentery, TB, etc
WHAT WE CAN DO TO FIGHT
GLOBAL WARMING AND
CLIMATE CHANGE!
– Conduct Tree Planting, Maintain the
Forest Parks, Expand the Forest
– Cleanliness Campaign on Rivers, Parks,
Neighborhood, Canals, etc
– Use Rainwater for plants and Bath
– Avoid unnecessary travel using gas
– Maintain your car properly
– Just walk or use bicycle when going or
buying nearby
– Avoid over speeding, aggressive
driving, proper use of brakes of your car
– Unplug charger when not in use
– Unplug or switch off light/ appliances
when not in use
– Use only energy saving appliances
Use only compact fluorescent lamps
(CFLs) instead of Incandescent bulbs
Use paper bag in lieu of plastic bag
Use bottle in buying oil or suka
Join organization/rallies on climate
change
Love your environment “DI AKO
PLASTIC, AYAW KO SA PLASTIC”
CAMPAIGN.
Important Facts:
 R.A 9729 was signed into law last
October 23, 2009
 Combined Senate and House Bill
S. No. 2583 / H No. 5982
 Fourteenth Congress
 26 Sections
The Act is known as the:
Going Over the Sections:
Section 01 - Title
Section 02 - Declaration of Policy
Section 03 - Definition of Terms
Section 04 - Creation of Climate
Change Commission
Section 05 – Composition of the
Commission
Section 06 – Meetings of the Commission
Sections 07 – Qualifications, Tenure,
Compensation of the Commissioners
Going Over the Sections:
Section 08 – Climate Change Office
Section 09 – Powers & Functions of the
Commission
Section 10 – Panel of technical Experts
Section 11 – Framework Strategy and
Program on Climate Change
Section 12 – Components of the Framework
Strategy and Program on Climate Change
Plan
Going Over the Sections:
Section 13 - National Climate Change
Action Plan
Section 14 – Local Climate Change Action
Plan
Section 15 – Role of Government
Agencies
Section 16 – Coordination with Various
Sectors
Section 17 - Authority to Receive Donations
and/or Grants
Going Over the Sections:
Section 18 - Funding Allocation for
Climate Change
Section 19 - Joint Congressional
Oversight Committee
Section 20 - Annual Report
Section 21 – Appropriations
Section 22 - Implementing Rules and
Regulations
Section 23 - Transitory Provisions
Going Over the Sections:
Section 24 - Separability Clause
Section 25 - Repealing Clause
Section 26 - Effectivity
 DRR & CCA Integration:

CDRR?
Presented by: Sharon Taylor, PRRM
DRRNet Phils 2ndGeneral Assembly
23rdMay 2011
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN DRR AND CCA
Similar Aims: Both focus on reducing
people’s vulnerability

Holistic, long-term processes and are not

’quick fix’ approaches

Sustainable Development and poverty

reduction-lie at the heart of both DRR and CCA

Environmental degradation is important for

both
Mainstreaming DRR and CCA must be
integral components of development
planning and implementation to
increase sustainability
•Converging political agendas:
Governments agreed that risk
reduction associated with climate
change should be incorporated into
DRR and adaptation strategies
ENGR. ALVIN N. MAGDAONG CE/JGE
 Trainings and Advocacies
- Orientation Trainings / Organization
* Legal basis 10121
* D.A.N.A.
* Disaster Reporting
* EWES
* Typhoon Plotting & Mapping
* F.A. / BLS
* Fire Fighting. Water Safety, WASAR
* Climate Change Awareness