24 Jan 2017

Introduction of electric machines

Dr. Irfan Ullah

Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department
University of Management and technology

Electrical Machine Design EE424

Contents

1. Introduction
2. Energy generation and consumption
3. Renewable energy sources
4. Industrial revolution
5. History of transformer
6. History of electric motor
7. AC machines
8. System, model, and design
Energy generation and consumption

Annual energy outlook 2011 (EIA, U.S.) Top 10 emitting countries, IEA 2011
Energy generation and consumption

World renewable electricity

generation 2005-2035 (billion
kilowatthours)

U.S. Energy information administration (EIA) 2012

Renewable energy sources

Micro-scaled Concentrated Solar Solar Techno Park, 40-60 kW

Power Plant, USA Tokyo, Japan

IBM-led Group, 25 KW
29 MW thermal, California Hawaii, USA
 2nd industrial revolution
• Rail roads 1st industrial revolution
• Electric lamp • 1800s
• Machine tools • Micro inventions
• Production of steel

3-phase rotating
magnetic field of an
AC motor
1870 to 1914
History of transformer

• A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy

between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction
• Transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltages of
alternating current in electric power applications.
• 1882: Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs first built a "secondary
generator" or in today's terminology a step down transformer

"the heart of the alternating current system”

William Stanley Jr.

1885 1891
History of electric motor

• First motors in mid 1800’s were DC powered by

poor batteries
• 1827-1828: Jedlik (Hungarian) invents the first
rotary machine with electromagnets and a
commutator.
• 1832: Hippolyte Pixii builds the first apparatus
for generating an alternating current out of a
rotation.
History of electric motor

• 1833: Sturgeon builds a rotating electric device

• 1834: electric motor by Jacobi
• Tesla patented the AC motor and the AC grid
system in late 1800’s
• Motor types from most recent 50 years
• Stepping motors
• Servo motor
• Brushless electric motor
• AC Induction motor
• Switched Reluctance motor (kind of stepping motor)
• Reluctance Synchronous motor (stator and rotor poles are equal)
AC machines

• Generators, motors, and transformers form part of an electro-

mechanical energy network
• In some applications DC machines are superior, but AC machines
remain important components
• Performance of a machine
• Mechanical characteristics of prime-mover
• Frequent starting
• Stopping duty-cycles
• Stored kinetic energy
• Cooling conditions
System, model, and design

System
• Assembly of subsystems
• Fuel handling equipment, turbines, generators, transformers, transmission line,
motors, mechanical load
• Performance: cost, reliability, stability, efficiency
Model
• To evaluate system, model is required of each subsystem
• Current sheets, equations in terms of voltage, current, time, etc.
Design
• Translation of a concept into reality
• Basics (cost, safety, etc.), communication (timing), design team (divide tasks), and
optimization (cost-effective)
Discussion

Thanks
?