Lesson 6:

Summary of Findings,
Conclusion, Recommendation
and Preliminaries
 At the end of the discussion, the students will be able to:
1. Identify the components of chapter 5
2. Apply the format and styles in their actual study
Objectives: 3. Formulate a sound and appropriate recommendation of
the study
4. Define conclusion and recommendation
5. Summarize the findings of their actual study
 Finishing the story
Pre-
Discussion
Activity
 A discussion of the result of
investigation using an anchor
verbiage that justifies rather than
Summary of distorts the intent of the findings. 
Findings
 Things
to Consider:
Example:
Things to Remember:
Conclusions are drawn from study findings
Often address research questions or null hypotheses (not necessarily
in a one-to-one manner)
Usually listed succinctly, but may be written in more
narrative format
Conclusions are often broader and more general than findings

May incorporate two/more findings into each conclusion

Should not be simple restatements of findings

Usually written in present tense
 Things to
Remember:
Elements of
the
Conclusion
Example:
It is NOT based on biases or beliefs that are not
supported by data
 17

1. To recommend actions to be taken

based on findings
2. To recommend actions to other
researchers for further research
2 TYPES
OF
RECOMMENDATION
 Guidelines in
Writing
Recommendation
s
Example:
 Format and
Technicalities:
 1. Title Page
2. Approval Sheet
3. Acknowledgment
4. Dedication
5. Table of Contents
Preliminaries 6. List of Figures
7. List of Tables
8. Abstract
9. Reference
10. Appendices
 LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON EYESIGHT PROBLEM
AND EXPERIENCES OF GRADE 12
STUDENTS
 

A Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of Graduate School
Sacred Heart College

Title Page Lucena City

 

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Science in Nursing
 

David, Gerardo C.
April 2021
 APPROVAL SHEET
 
This thesis entitled “LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON EYESIGHT PROBLEM AND
EXPERIENCES OF SELECTED GRADE XII STUDENTS IN A SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL IN
LUCENA CITY” prepared and submitted by Gerardo C. David, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree Master of Science in Nursing, had been examined and passed the Oral Examination.
GERARDO C. DAVID, RN,
MAN
Thesis Adviser
 
 
ORAL EXAMINATION COMMITTEE
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a rating of _____________________.

Approval Sheet  
ANA LIBABEL U. FERRERAS, MSN RN
Chairperson
  
HARBY S. NANAD, MAT JEFFREY R. BAUTISTA, MSN
RN
Member Member
 
Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of
Science in Nursing.
Comprehensive Examination: Passed
 
ANA LIBABEL U. FERRERAS, MSN RN
Dean, Graduate School
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher wishes to extend his sincerest appreciation and profound gratitude to the

following who provided assistance, motivation and inspiration which contributed to the completion

of this work.

Mr. Gerardo C. David, his thesis adviser, for his priceless inspiration, unreserved

assistance, suggestions and comments and for sharing his expertise in the completion of the study;

Acknowledgmen Mrs. Ana Libabel U. Ferreras, Dean of the College of Nursing for her motivation and
t unending encouragement to finish this study;

Dr. Vivian L. Dedace, the members of the Oral Examination Committee, Mr. Harby S.

Nanad, Mrs. Ana Libabel U. Ferreras and to Mr. Jeffrey R. Bautista for their honest and

constructive criticism and unwavering willingness to share their knowledge and expertise in doing

this research.

The Researchers
 DEDICATION

To

Mr. Pedro G. David and Mrs. Aida C. David;

My loving and understanding parents who never fail to support me

in all my undertakings;

To
Dedication Mr. Christopher C. David and Lt. Col. Emerson C. David

My supportive siblings and niece for serving as my inspiration; 

And to my friends, mentors and classmates 

This great endeavor is wholeheartedly dedicated.

G.C.D.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page

TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................ ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... iii
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. vi
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................... viii
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ ix
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... xii

CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM

Table of Introduction .................................................................................................

Statement of the Problem ...........................................................................
Theoretical Framework................................................................................
1
4
6

Contents Significance of the Study ...........................................................................

Scope and Limitation ..................................................................................
Definition of Terms ....................................................................................
12
13
15

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature........................................................................................ 16
Related Studies........................................................................................... 28

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design ......................................................................................... 44

Research Locale.......................................................................................... 45
Research Population................................................................................... 45
Research Instrument................................................................................... 48
Data Gathering Procedure .......................................................................... 49
Data Analysis................................................................................................ 50
 IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA

Part I - Demographic Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Sex,

Highest Family Monthly Income, Family Medical History,
Personal Medical History and Lifestyle................................... 54

Part II - Level of Knowledge on Eyesight Problem of Grade 12

Students in Terms of Nature of the Condition, Signs and
Symptoms, Prevention and Management................................. 62

Part III - Non-Parametric Test Results on Finding the Significant

Difference of Level of Knowledge on Eyesight Problem of the
Participants When They are Grouped According to
Demographic Profile................................................................ 70

Part IV - Lived Experiences of Selected Grade XII Students on

Eyesight Problem...................................................................... 111

Part V - The Output of the Study............................................................ 126

Table of V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Contents
Summary of Findings ................................................................................... 127
Conclusions .................................................................................................. 129
Recommendations ........................................................................................ 130

REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 133

APPENDICES

A - Research Output: School-based Eye Health Program ................ 145

B - Timetable on the Utilization and Dissemination of the
Research Findings and Output ................................................... 161
C - Letters and Certifications ........................................................... 162
D - Research Instrument ................................................................... 175
E - Statistical Computations ............................................................. 184
F - Focus Group Discussion on the Experiences of Grade 12
Students on Eyesight Problem..................................................... 222
G - Gantt Chart.................................................................................. 228

CURRICULUM VITAE ................................................................................. 229

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
Number Title Page

1 Paradigm Showing the IPO Model of Level of Knowledge on

Eyesight Problem and Experiences of Selected Grade 12 students... 10

2 Frequency-Percentage Distribution of the Participants According

to Sex .............................................................................................. 54

List of
3 Frequency-Percentage Distribution of the Participants
According to Highest Family Monthly Income............................... 55

Figures 4 Frequency-Percentage Distribution of the Participants

According to Family Medical History............................................ 56

5 Frequency-Percentage Distribution of the Participants

According to Personal Medical History.......................................... 58

6 Frequency-Percentage Distribution of the Participants

According to Lifestyle.................................................................... 59

7 Frequency-Percentage Distribution of the Participants

According to Time Spent on Lifestyle with Electronic Light
Exposure ......................................................................................... 61
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

Number

1 Population and Sample per Strand, Section and Sex.......................... 47

2 Profile of the FGD Participants – Students with Eyesight Problem... 47

3 Summarize Table of Grade 12 students’ Level of Knowledge on

Eyesight Problem as to Nature of the Condition, Signs and
Symptoms, Prevention and Management........................................... 62

4 Indicator Analysis on Grade 12 Students’ Level of Knowledge on

Eyesight Problem as to Nature of the Condition................................. 64

5 Indicator Analysis on Grade 12 Students’ Level of Knowledge on

Eyesight Problem as to Signs and Symptoms...................................... 66

List of Tables 6 Indicator Analysis on Grade 12 Students’ Level of Knowledge on

Eyesight Problem as to Prevention...................................................... 67

7 Indicator Analysis on Grade XII Students’ Level of Knowledge on

Eyesight Problem as to Management................................................... 69

8 Test of Normality for the Level of Knowledge on Eyesight Problem

in Terms of Nature of the Condition, Signs & Symptoms,
Prevention, Management, and Overall Knowledge on Eyesight
Problem According to Sex.................................................................. 71

9 Test for Homogeneity of Variances for the Level of Knowledge on

Eyesight Problem in Terms of Nature of the condition, Signs and
Symptoms, Prevention, Management, and Overall Knowledge on
Eyesight Problem According to Sex................................................... 73

10 Mann-Whitney-Test Result of Finding the Significant Difference of

the Level of Knowledge on Eyesight Problem According to Grade
12 Students When They are Grouped According to Sex.................... 74
 ABSTRACT

ANGARA, GIOVANNI J. LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON EYESIGHT PROBLEM AND EXPERIENCES

OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Sacred Heart College, Lucena City, April 2020
(Gerardo David, Thesis Adviser)

This study investigated the level of knowledge on eyesight problem and experiences of selected Grade 12
students as to nature of the condition, signs and symptoms, prevention and management in terms of the students
demographic profile particularly sex, highest family monthly income, family medical history, personal medical
history and lifestyle. The study provided useful overview on how eyesight problem affects the students’
productivity, activities of daily living, safety and education.

Descriptive research design was used to conduct the study whereas quantitative and qualitative methods on

Abstract the other hand were utilized to examine variables. Data collection were extracted in the manner of surveys as well
as content analysis for the quantitative part while interview and focus group discussion are used for the qualitative
portion with the use of a self-devised questionnaire. A total of 180 grade twelve students are identified as
participants of the study including the 5 randomly selected students for the focus group discussion. As regards to
the statistical treatment, the frequency-percentage distribution, percentage rating, normality test, homogeneity test,
Kruskal-Wallis test and Man-Whitney test were applied as statistical tools, and thematic analysis to analyze data
for the qualitative part.

This study confirmed that the knowledge of the selected students on eyesight problem was not affected by
their sex, highest family monthly income, family medical history, personal medical history as well as lifestyle,
hence most of the participants’ knowledge on eyesight problem was found out to be on the level of not
knowledgeable. These findings remained not
 Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations were formulated:

for the students to adhere to the school based eye health program for proper eye health

management and prevention of eyesight problems; for students parents to educate themselves

for they are the ones who are really responsible for their own child’s health; for the teachers to

be keen with the students’ eyesight behaviors and gestures; for the school administrators to

consider the proposed school based eye health program for the improvement of school services

thus increasing the level of knowledge on eyesight problem among students; and for the future

researchers to develop an in-depth study including other eyesight problems including

farsightedness, astigmatism and presbyopia.

Keywords: eyesight problem, level of knowledge, school based eye health program.
 Composition of Appendices
1. Output of the study
2. Letters, Validation and
Certifications
Appendices
3. Research Instrument
4. Statistical Computation of Data
Using the Simple Statistics for
Beginners
 APPENDIX A

Research Output
 
 

Output of the SCHOOL BASED HEALTH PROGRAM

Study For Personnel and Faculty of Sacred Heart College
Letters
 SAMPLE LETTER TO THE PARTICIPANTS

Sacred Heart College Lucena

1 Merchan St., Lucena City Quezon PHILIPPINES 4301
shc@shc.edu.ph / (042)373-4240

Dear, Participant

My name is Gerardo C. David and I am a graduate student at Sacred Heart College Lucena. For my study, I am
investigating the level of knowledge on eyesight problem and experiences of students. Because you are a grade

Questionnaire XII student and believed to be the perfect person to provide relevant data to my study, I am inviting you to
participate in this research study by completing the attached surveys.
The following questionnaire will require approximately 15-20 minutes to complete. There is no compensation
for responding nor is there any known risk. In order to ensure that all information will remain confidential,
please do not include your name. If you choose to participate in this project, please answer all questions as
honestly as possible and return the completed questionnaires promptly. Participation is strictly voluntary and
you may refuse to participate at any time.
Thank you for taking the time to assist me in my educational endeavors. The data collected will provide useful
information. If you require additional information or have questions, please don’t hesitate to ask me for
clarifications or queries.

Sincerely,

Giovanni Jimenez Angara RN

MSN, Student
 APPENDIX E

Computations

A. FREQUENCIES

Test of frequency Percentage According to Sex, Highest Family Monthly Income, Family
Medical History, Medical History, and Lifestyle.
Sex
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Male 73 40.6 40.6 40.6
Female 107 59.4 59.4 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0

Highest Family Monthly Income

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Computation
Valid PHP 15,000.00 - PHP 19,000.00 148 82.2 82.2 82.2
PHP 19,001.00 - PHP 23,000.00 24 13.3 13.3 95.6
PHP 23,001.00 and above 8 4.4 4.4 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0

Family Medical History

Responses Percent of
N Percent Cases
$FMHa Diabetes 37 17.4% 26.8%
High Blood Pressure 93 43.7% 67.4%
Liver Disease 16 7.5% 11.6%
Nutrition deficiency 13 6.1% 9.4%
Sickle Cell Disease 3 1.4% 2.2%
Astigmatism 8 3.8% 5.8%
Nearsightedness 22 10.3% 15.9%
Farsightedness 2 0.9% 1.4%
Others 19 8.9% 13.8%
Total 213 100.0% 154.3%
a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Gerardo
GIOVANNIC. David MSN,
JIMENEZ RN
ANGARA, RN
Purok Masaya Barangay Gulang-gulang
Lucena City, Quezon Philippines
Contact No.: 0995-477-8060 / 0999-483-1146
Email Add: giovannijimenezangara@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

POST-GRADUATE:
Sacred Heart College
1 Merchant St. Lucena City,Quezon Phil.
Master of Science in Nursing

Curriculum TERTIARY:
2017- 2020

Vitae Calayan Educational Foundation Inc.

Red-V Lucena City, Quezon Philippines
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
2005 – 2009

SECONDARY:
Quezon National High School
Iyam Lucena City, Quezon Philippines
2000 - 2004

ELEMENTARY:
Zaballero Elementary School
Lucena City, Quezon Philippines
1998 – 2000
Camp Guillermo Nakar Elementary School
Lucena City Quezon, Philippines
1996-1997
References:
 40

Overview
Restatement
 ELEMENTS
Review
 OF
CONCLUSION Implications
Limitations
 41

Summarize what the research is

all about (do not introduce new
ideas)
1. Overview of
the study Explain briefly why & how you
conduct the study
 42

2. Restatement of the objectives

 Rephrase the objectives

 Start with the most significant
one
 43

3. Review of the findings

 Draw conclusions for each major

issues
 Use sign posting to connect the
findings
 Start with the most important one
 44

4. Implications of the findings

Conclude/deduce ideas based on

findings
Implicate some ideas that can
support further actions
 45

5. Limitations of Research

 State the weaknesses (do not apologize)

 E.g. Small sample size, limited time,
improper instrument, etc.
 Using the data presented,
analyzed and interpreted,
Activity proceed with the summary of
findings, conclusion and
recommendation