Urban

Environmental
Management
Lecture 7
 URBANIZATION

• Resources
• Processes
• Effects
 URBANIZATION
• Take any of today's
environmental problems
faced by the inhabitants of
Earth, and its causes and
pressures.
• These can easily be traced
back, directly or indirectly,
to urban areas.
 Urban Environmental
Management
• The forces and processes
that constitute “productive
and consumptive urban
activities”, have far-reaching
and long-term effects not
only on its immediate
boundaries, but also on the
entire region in which it is
positioned.
 Urban Environmental
Management
• include: industry and motorized
transport (urban air pollution,
urban ground and surface water
abstraction and pollution, urban
waste dumping, and the
expansion of built up areas).
 Urban Environmental
Management
• In a very broad sense, the urban
environment consists of:

1. resources, natural, human and other;

2. processes, that convert these
resources into various other useable
products and services; and
3. effects of these processes, which may
be positive or negative
 Urban Environmental
Management
1- Resources
• Human Resources
• Sunlight
• Land
• Water
• Minerals
• Electricity
• Fuels
• Finance
• Intermediary products
• Recyclable materials
 Urban Environmental
Management
2- Processes
• Manufacturing
• Transportation
• Construction
• Migration
• Population Growth
• Residence/Living
• Community Services
Education, Health ... )
 Urban Environmental
Management
3- Effects of Resources &
Processes
• Negative Effects – Pollution (air,
water, noise); Waste Generation
(garbage, sewage); Congestion
(overcrowding)
• Positive Effects Products (Value-
addition); Increased
knowledgebase / education;
Access to better services
Dimensions of Urban
Environments
 Urban Environmental
Management
Dimensions in Urban Environments
 Urban Environmental
Management
Dimensions in Urban Environments
1- Natural Environments
Resources, processes and
effects related to flora and
fauna, human beings, minerals,
water, land, air, etc.
 Urban Environmental
Management
Dimensions in Urban Environments
2- Built Environments
Resources, processes and
effects related to buildings,
housing, roads, railways,
electricity, water supply, gas
etc.
 Urban Environmental
Management
Dimensions in Urban Environments
3- Socio-economic Environments
The social environment includes the
groups to which we belong, the
neighborhoods in which we live, the
organization of our workplaces, and
the policies we create to order our
lives.
 Urban Environmental
Management
Dimensions in Urban Environments
3- Socio-economic Environments
Resources, processes and
effects related to human
activities, education, health,
arts and culture, economic and
business activities, heritage -
urban lifestyles in general.
Understanding the Scale
of
Urban Environmental
Problems
 Understanding the Scale of
Urban Environmental Problems
 Understanding the Scale of
Urban Environmental Problems

Household
• household health, garbage
generation, air/water/noise
pollution, spread of diseases
 Understanding the Scale of
Urban Environmental Problems
Community
• Polluted land
• Trash dumping
• Flooding
• Noise pollution
• Natural disasters
• Lack of understanding of environmental
problems
• inappropriate and inadequate technology
use
 Understanding the Scale of
Urban Environmental Problems
City
• Infrastructure deficit
• Accidents and disasters
• Flooding and surface drainage
• Loss of agricultural land &
desertification
• Air/Water/Noise pollution
• Inadequate supply and transmission
loss of electricity
 Understanding the Scale of
Urban Environmental Problems
City (Contd.)
• Misguided urban governments and
management practices
• Lack of, and inappropriate, laws and
legislation
• Inadequate tax/financial revenues
• Reduced property and building values
• Loss of heritage and historical
buildings
• Traffic congestion / car dependence
 Understanding the Scale of
Urban Environmental Problems
Region/Nation
• Water pollution
• Loss of habitat, biodiversity and
species endangered
• Soil erosion and increased salinity
• Toxic run-off and acid rain
• Natural and man-made hazards and
disasters
• Land clearance and loss of forest cover
• Effects of climate change and global
warming
Effects of Resources & Processes
Effects of Resources
& Processes
Effects of Resources
& Processes
Effects of Resources
& Processes
Effects of Resources
& Processes
Effects of Resources
& Processes
Effects of Resources
& Processes
Effects of Resources
& Processes
Effects of Resources
& Processes