INITIATIVES RELATED TO

THE ASSESSMENT AND

MITIGATION OF LANDSLIDES
IN CORDILLERA
ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
(CAR) IN THE PHILIPPINES
Arturo S. Daag, PhD, Margarita Dizon, MSc., Kimberly Vito
arturo.daag@phivolcs.dost.gv.ph, margarita.dizon@phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
DOST-PHIVOLCS RESEARCH INITIATIVES
IN CAR
1. Rain-induced Shallow Translational Landslides
• Intensity-duration curve threshold
• Radial-based function network threshold
• Slope Instability mapping approach (SinMAP)

2. Deep-seated Landslides
• Hazard mapping
• Monitoring
• Warning

3. Earthquake-induced Landslide
• Modelling
• Assessment

4. Proposed Prototype Landslide Warning System for CAR (with JAXA, PAGASA, MGB)
1. Rain-induced Shallow Translational Landslides
Proposed Study
• Intensity-duration curve threshold
• Radial-based function network threshold
• Slope Instability mapping approach (SinMAP)
 Methodology Using RBFN
Hourly Rainfall
(Locally calibrated GSMaP) Risk Level based on Critical Lines

Hourly rainfall (mm/h)

+

Soil Moisture Index

(estimated from tank model)
Critical Line (CL)
High
Risk

Hourly rainfall (mm/h)

Snake Line
SMI is the total water depth of the
three tanks. Soil Moisture Index (mm)
SHALLOW
LANDSLIDE MODEL
Improving warning scale or
coverage (barangay level)
using SinMAP Model
 Preliminary
Stability Index
Map of CAR
LANDSIDE DISTRIBUTION PLOTS PER
SOIL CATEGORY
2. Deep-seated Landslides
Ongoing and operational
• Hazard mapping
• Monitoring
• Warning
Development of Early
Warning Systems For
Landslide

50 sites currently under the Early

Warning System service
CAR sites
o Brgy. Immuli, Pidigan, Abra
o Brgy Taga, Pinukpuk, Kalinga
o Brgy. Antadao, Sagada, Mt. Province
o Brgy. Tue, Tadian, Mt. Province
o Brgy. Ambuclao, Bokod, Benguet
o Sitio Buagi, Brgy. Poblacion, Bakun, Benguet
o Sitio Mamuyod, Brgy. Ambassador, Tublay,
Benguet
o Sitio Sinipsip, Brgy. Amgaleyguey, Buguias,
Benguet
o Sitio longlong, Brgy. Puguis, La Trinidad, Benguet
DYNASLOPE EWS as SYSTEM

Protocol

(A) Stability analysis of the slope , (B) Instrumentation on

Generated contours from the digital terrain site (i.g. Landslide
model of the site (C) Features and exposure
map of the site in Poblacion 1, San Jorge,
sensor, rain gauge)
Samar

Community involvement – IEC,

seminar-training for LEWC
 DEEP-seated Landslide Hazard Map SITIO KAYANg, Brgy.
Sitio Buagi, Brgy. Poblacion, Bakun, Benguet IMMULI, Pidigan, ABRA

Brgy. TUE, Tadian, Mountain

Province
Monitoring protocol
DYNASLOPE EWI
(EARLY WARNING INFORMATION)

ALERT
LEVEL
MATRIX

EWS-L alert level protocol

3. Earthquake-induced Landslide

• Modelling
• Assessment
• REDAS SIMULATION and NEWARK METHOD
TECTONIC
SETTING OF CAR
- Composed of 6 Provinces
and 2 Cities
- Mountainous topography
with very steep slopes and
high elevation
-71% of land area have
steep slopes
-Earthquake Generators in
CAR and vicinity
- Bangui Fault
- Abra River Fault
- Philippine Fault
- West Ilocos Fault System
- Chico Fault
- Hapap Fault
Damaging
earthquakes
in Northern
Luzon
M7.8 - 1990 JULY 16
Affected area: Central and
LUZON EARTHQUAKE
Northern Luzon
Casualties:
Dead – 1,283
Injured – 2,786
Missing – 321
Houses Damaged:
Total – 25,305
Partial – 77,249
 IMPACTS OF 1990 JULY
16 LUZON EARTHQUAKE

 M 7.8, Rizal, Nueva Ecija

 Concentrated along Digdig Arboleda,

Fault (DF) at Philippine Umbal and
Punongbayan,
Fault Zone (PFZ) 1990

 along a 40-km stretch of

national highway through
the Cordillera range, about
852,000 cubic meters of
landslide debris buried
various sections of the
highway
 Landslide Inventory Map of CAR
Proof of
Accomplishment

April 11, 2010 November 23. 2016

BRGY. LUBO
Landslide 40

Latitude: 16.680951°
Longitude: 120.718920°
Area: 347 216 sq.m.

Location Brgy Lubo, Kibungan,

Benguet
Lat 16.683271
Long 120.7203334

LS Area 347,216 sq.m.

Trigger
Remarks Reactivarted. Oldest clear
GE Image date Dec 2003
November 20. 2018
 Pre-landslide
Image
April 30, 2004

Post-landslide
Image
December 15,
2009 (Typhoon
Pepeng)

Recent Image
February 20, 2018

BRGY. TUDING, ITOGON

Landslide 80
Latitude: 16.399273°
Longitude: 120.645167°
Area: 17 986 sq.m.
 HAZARDS INFORMATION

Earthquake-Induced
Landslide
hazard map of
CAR – for updating
due to new data
(IfSAR DEM, Faults, …)
Proof of Accomplishment

Modified Geology Map of CAR Hillshade Map of CAR

Earthquake ground acceleration models
of various active faults Using REDAS
COMPOSITE PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION MAP
CONSIDERING EARTHQUAKE GENERATORS IN THE AREA
 Preliminary Earthquake Induced
Landslide (EIL) Map
of
Cordillera Administrative Region
for Validation (on-going)

LANSLIDE DISTRIBUTION

PGA Source REDAS

Zone No. of landslides %

High Hazard 400 26.74

Moderate Hazard 790 52.81

Low Hazard 181 12.09

None 125 8.36

Total 1496 100

Proposal for Proto-type Landslide Warning
System in CAR with JAXA, MGB and PAGASA
Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation
(GSMap) at 10km mesh
 Operational Landslide Warning System in Japan
Prefectural government and meteorological observatory (JMA) cooperated to issue
early warning information in 2006 using Ground Radar and RBFN methodology.
Prefectural Local meteorological
government observatory
· Surveying landslide hazard area · Rainfall observation
· Setting rainfall criteria for giving · Providing meteorological
an early warning information through medias

Landslide Risk distribution

Warnings / Advisories

Precipitation
 Methodology in the Philippines
Hourly Rainfall
(Locally calibrated GSMaP) Risk Level based on Critical Lines

Hourly rainfall (mm/h)

+

Soil Moisture Index

(estimated from tank model)
Critical Line (CL)
High
Risk

Hourly rainfall (mm/h)

Snake Line
SMI is the total water depth of the
three tanks. Soil Moisture Index (mm)
GSMaP Application to Landslide Warning System (GLAWS)
- Pilot Study in the Philippines -
GSMaP rainfall archives are analyzed by a machine learning method (RBFN), and
critical lines (CLs) of hourly rainfall and soil moisture index (SMI) are selected.
The system monitors rainfall in real-time and determines the landslide warning level.
Sensor System Prediction
Rainfall monitoring network System

Application

Analysis /
GSMaP-Now Warning
AWS 　　　　　　 Satellite
Hazard
Model preparation maps,
Criteria

DRR Agency/
Local
Government
Maps Warning criteria Unit (LGU)
 Case Study for Rizal (Typhoon NONA)

Typhoon Nona, a powerful tropical cyclone, struck the Luzon island in Dec. 2015
causing several big landslides destroying houses, roads and other facilities.

Barangay Tanauan, Quezon (13:30 pm, Dec. 19)

Evacuation
Warning

Local Provincial DRR Office reported that landslide occurred at about 1:30 p.m of Dec 19, 2015
 Rizal Pilot Study – Training and Calibration
A local calibration and training on the use of WEB-based Landslide Warning System
(GLAWS) was conducted in Antipolo City (Barrangay-Level) and Rizal Province (Municipal
Level) together with National DRR agencies (MGB,PAGASA,PHIVOLCS).
http://153.231.215.240/lsWarning/
Use of online platform for hazard assessment
http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
https://hazardhunter.georisk.gov.ph