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FLASH FLOODS
 TIMELINE

MITIGATION
FLASH FLOODS MEASURES

CAUSES

EFFECTS

DEFINTION
WHAT IS A FLASH FLOOD?
 FLASH FLOODS
Flash flooding happens when rain falls so fast that the underlying
ground cannot cope, or drain it away fast enough. Roads can
become like rivers and if there is a lot of water, it can flood
buildings and carry cars away. So, if the rain is falling too fast for
the ground or drains to cope, there is a risk of flash flooding.
 Urban Areas are also prone to flooding
in short time-spans and, sometimes,
rainfall (from the same storm) over an
urban area will cause flooding faster
POCTURE OF FLASH FLOOD and more-severe than in the suburbs or
countryside. The impervious surfaces
in the urban areas do not allow water
to infiltrate the ground, and the water
runs off to the low spots very quickly.
 Flash Flooding occurs so quickly that people are caught off-guard. Their
situation may become dangerous if they encounter high, fast-moving water
while traveling. If people are at their homes or businesses, the water may rise
quickly and trap them, or cause damage to the property without them having a
chance to protect the property.
What Causes Flash
Flooding?
 What Causes Flash Flooding?
Most flash floods occur when the soil is unable to absorb the water in
the area. While wet and saturated soil is often to blame for flash floods,
extremely dry soil can produce them as well. As a result, the water
remains on top of the ground. This creates powerful, fast-moving
channels of water.
 What Causes Flash Flooding?

Heavy rain in a short period of time, such as a torrential downpour

Rain over an extended period of time, such as a hurricane or tropical storm

Rapid thaws that cause significant snowmelt

A failure of a dam, levee, or another water barrier

A sudden release of water held by an ice jam.

Overwhelmed man-made drainage or sewage systems

Areas At Greatest Risk for Flash Floods
While any area can flood, low-lying areas are most prone to flash floods. This
includes valleys and canyons, as well as the lowlands around hills and
mountains. Floods are also common in these areas:

Near naturally occurring water sources, like rivers and lakes

Downstream from a dam, levee, or another water barrier

Near dry water beds, like creeks, streams, rivers, and gullies
Use big images to
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IMPACTS OF A
FLASH FLOOD
 IMPACTS

USA
100

INDIA
1800–25,000

ETHIOPIA
350
METRO MANILA
100
 Death or Serious Injury
The very nature of flash floods makes them fast and
very difficult to predict. Since they can occur without
warning, it is no surprise that people can be seriously
injured or killed by these natural disasters. Also, many
flash floods occur at night while people are sleeping
adding to the risk. Flash floods are the #1 weather-
related killer in the U.S. according to the National
Weather Service.
Immediate Property Damage
In addition to the force of the water, flash floods can
carry large debris such as boulders. This combination
can cause heavy structural damage to homes making
them uninhabitable and can carry away large pieces of
property such as vehicles.
 Long-Term Property Damage
Rooms, vehicles, and other property that came in
contact with flood waters may not be salvageable.
Homes that were flooded can be susceptible to harmful
molds. Vehicles that were submerged usually have
irreparable water damage to the engine and other
critical components.
 Loss of Critical Infrastructure
Large debris and floodwaters can cause structural
damage to bridges and roadways, making travel
impossible. Power, telephone, and cable lines can be
taken out by flash floods as well. Flood waters can
disrupt or contaminate ground water, making tap water
unfit for consumption.
 Deposited Sediment & Silt
Flood waters carry along with them sand, silt, and other
debris as they travel. When the velocity of the flash
flood slows, it begins depositing this debris. Floods can
leave behind large amounts of silt and other debris that
can make travel difficult and can be costly to remove.
 Uninsured or Under-insured
Homeowners
Being infrequent and unpredictable, many homeowners
do not consider flash floods when insuring their homes.
Your regular homeowner's or renter's insurance does
not cover flood damage; for that you need flood
insurance through the National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP). View information on flood insurance,
calculating your risk for floods, and interactive
demonstrations of potential flood damage.
 Economic Losses
Depending on the damage caused, it may prevent local
businesses from opening or keep customers from
getting to those businesses.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6613
AN ACT DECLARING A POLICY OF THE STATE TO ADOPT MODERN SCIENTIFIC METHODS
TO MODERATE TYPHOONS AND PREVENT DESTRUCTION BY FLOODS RAINS AND
DROUGHTS, CREATING A COUNCIL ON TYPHOON MODERATION AND FLOOD CONTROL
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDING FOR ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS AND
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR.
MITIGATION MEASURES
MITIGATE FLASH FLOODING

Service 01 Service 02 Service 03

 The government has implemented several
measures to lessen damages caused by floods in
recent years. These measures do not stop floods
from happening but instead, reduce the economic
or human costs of floods. Here, we will discuss
three mitigation measures that aim to reduce the
impact of floods.
 Public Education
PUB has developed and implemented a strategic public outreach programme,
including measures such as providing sandbags and flood boards to protect
basement entrances and homes and giving technical advice to the people affected
on installing of flood protection measures. This is to educate and involve the
general public in its drainage and flood management approaches, so as to enhance
public awareness and preparedness towards floods. The PUB aims to teach the
public how to react and henceforth reduce inconvenience during floods.
 Flood Barriers
Several shopping malls have installed automatic flood barrier
systems to prevent floodwaters from surging into shops.

Several shopping malls have installed automatic flood barrier

systems to prevent floodwaters from surging into shops. Shop
owners have also placed plastic barriers and sandbags near the malls’
entrances. Some malls are also considering building a high wall to
prevent rainwater from overflowing from their internal drain into the
basement. (Vivian Balakrishnan, 2012)
 Regular Checks
Existing drains within construction sites are maintained regularly by PUB.
TThe scope of regular checks includes inspection of the slope, drain,
erosion blanket, silt fence, curb inlet sediment barrier and sediment tank.
PUB has also suggested regularly reviewing building design parameters,
enhancing rainfall and drainage performance modelling and monitoring
capabilities, identifying new systems-level interventions, as well as
regularly checking the adequacy and performance, as part of drainage
system master planning. (PUB Expert Panel, 2012)
 This is a proactive measure, as it seeks to lessen the
impact of future floods by ensuring that basic
infrastructure are in good condition so that water can
flow away from the surface level in the event of heavy
rainfall. This shows that PUB has learnt from mistakes
in recent flash floods, such as flood barriers and flood
alert system failing to work during the past floods.
5 Tips for Remaining Safe During Flash
Floods
Follow Instructions from Local Authorities

Stay Safe If Your Remain In Your Home

Stay Clear of Water Sources

Avoid Driving Through Flooded Areas

Avoid Walking in Flood Waters

 The Process

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