Professional Documents
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Chapter 7 Groups and Teams
Chapter 7 Groups and Teams
Chapter 7 Groups and Teams
and geographical
diversity
2. Types of Group-Formation
(Medina, 2011)
1. need satisfaction
2. proximity
3. attraction
4. goals and
5. economics
3. Stages of Group Formation
Data/Info Contributor
1. Knowledge Contributor
2. Process Observer
3. People Supporter
4. Challenger
5. Listener
6. Mediator
7. Gatekeeper
7. Advantages and Disadvantages
(Medina, 2011)
Advantages Disadvantages
More inputs Slower and more
Synergism cumbersome
Decisions and
Effectiveness is
undermined
Assistance
Dilution of group decision
Fulfilment of
Accountability problem
needs
Shirking of responsibility
Mutual Support
Outside criticism is ignored
8. Techniques in Group Decision Making
(Medina, 2011)
1. Interacting groups
2. Brainstorming
3. Nominal Group Technique
4. Electronic Meeting
Team Task Functions
Give information
Initiate activities
Test ideas
Seek information
Summarize ideas Coordinate activities
Evaluate effectiveness
Elaborate concepts
Diagnose problems
Team Task Functions
Maintenance Functions - those activities essential to
the effective, satisfying interpersonal relationships
within a team or group
Follow others’ lead
Support others
Harmonize conflict
Set standards
Express member feelings Test group decisions
Gatekeep communication
Test consensus
Reduce tension
8. Why Teams?
SOURCE: Managing in the New Team Environment, by Hirschhorn, © 1991. Reprinted by permission of Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Upper Saddle River, N. J.
Quality Circles & Teams
Quality Team - a team that is part of an organization’s
structure & is empowered to act on its decisions
regarding product & quality service
Quality Circles (QC) - a small group of employees
who work voluntarily on company time, typically one
hour per week, to address work-related problems
QC’s deal with substantive issues
Do not require final decision authority
1. problem-solving teams
2. self-managed teams
3. cross functional teams
4. virtual teams
Social Benefits of Teams
Psychological Intimacy -
emotional & psychological
closeness to other team
or group members
Integrated Intimacy -
closeness achieved
through tasks & activities
Foundations for Empowerment
An attribute of a
person or of an
organization’s culture
Encourages
participation
Preparation & careful
planning focuses
empowered employees
Solve specific and
global problems
Empowerment Skills
Competence Process
Skills Skills
Self-
management
or
Team skills
Cooperative
and Helping Communication
Behaviors Skills
Self-Managed Teams
U p p e r E c h e lo n s -
A to p - le v e l e x e c u tiv e te a m
in a n o r g a n iz a tio n
T o p m a n a g e m e n t 's O r g a n iz a t io n r e f le c t s M a n a g e m e n t t e a m 's
b a c k g r o u n d c h a r a c t e r is t ic s t o p m a n a g e m e n t 's le a d e r s h ip , c o m p o s iit o n , &
p r e d ic t o r g a n iz a t io n a l v a lu e s , c o m p e t e n c e , d y n a m ic s in f lu e n c e s th e
c h a r a c t e r is t ic s e t h ic s , & u n iq u e c h a r a c t e r is t ic s o r g a n iz a t io n 's p e r f o r m a n c e
Executive Tenure &
Organizational Performance
High
relative to the industry average
Organizational performance
Low
1 7 14
CEO tenure (years) Source: D. Hambrick, The Seasons of an Executive’s Tenure, keynote address, the
Sixth Annual Texas Conference on Organizations, Lago Vista, Texas, April, 1991.
Multicultural Teams
Multicultural groups represent
three or more ethnic backgrounds.
Diversity may increase uncertainty,
complexity, & inherent confusion in
group processes. Culturally
diverse groups may generate more
& better ideas & limit groupthink.
Triangle for Managing
in the New Team Environment
Manager
Manager
Team
Team Individuals
Individuals
L. Hirschhorn, Managing in the New Team Environment, (pages 13/14). Copyright© 1991 Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Addison Wesley Longman.
10. Developing Teams
1. Team Size
2. Range of Skills
3. Sense of Common Purpose
4. Work Procedures
5. Sense of Accountability
11. Becoming Team Players
1. Selection
2. Training
3. Rewards
12. Potential Team Problems
1. Changing of Membership
2. Social Loafing
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