Comparison Table..

Educational Characteristics Education and Teacher’s role Student’s role

Philosophies
ESSENTIALISM . Common core of knowledge
that needs to be transmitted to
students in a systematic,
disciplined way.
. Essentials= main things of
academic knowledge.
Curriculum
. Schools should transmit the
traditional moral values,
intellectual and essential
knowledge that students need
to become model citizens.
. Focuses on subject of
English, Sciences, History,
Math and Foreign language.
. Teacher-centered (transfer
method)
. Teacher decides what is the
most important for students to
learn.
. Teacher transmit knowledge.
. Students follow the rules of
the teacher and work hard.
. Respect authority and
discipline.

PERENNIALISM . Great books of ancient are a
repository of knowledge and
wisdom.
. Perennialism means
“everlasting” that comes up
year after year.
. Discipline of the mind via
drill.
. Subjects and doctrine taught
through highly disciplined drill
and behavior control.
Train the mind the traditional
subjects Mathematics,
Sciences, Music and Art.
. Teacher-centered, teachers . Students are passive
have the authority. recipients.
. Teacher interprets and tells. . Receive knowledge.
. Teachers do not allow the
students’ interests or
experiences.

. Individuals construct their
own reality and pathways.
EXISTENTIALISM { WE ARE WHAT WE DO..}
. Individual curriculum helps
students understand selves and
life’s meaning.
. Aims to teach literature, art
and humanities.
. Teacher creates the best . Child-centered.
environment for students that
helps them freely choose their . Entire freedom for
pathway. students to choose
. Guides students in the their subject.
process of becoming intelligent
and determine their own
essence or meaning of life
 Comparison Table..
Educational Characteristics Education and Teacher’s role Student’s role
Philosophies Curriculum

. Education is life . Child-centered. . Teachers are . Students are

PROGRESSIVIS it self. . Curriculum facilitators, guides active participants,
M . It is concerned should be derived and foster problem solvers
with “ learn by from students’ thinking. and planners.
doing”. interests and . Teaching students
. Enhance needs. how to think and
individual provokes their
effectiveness. curiosity.

SOCIAL . Stresses . Strategies are . Teachers help . Find solutions to

RECONSTRUCTI important of needed to students every problem.
ONISM community implement social understand the . Collaborate with
building. change. validity and others.
. Understanding urgency of social
social justice and problems.
equality issues are
important.