CHAPTER 1

WHAT IS HOUSEHOLD?
- A group of people, each with different abilities
and needs, who live together most of the time
and contribute to a common economy, and share
the food and other income derived from the
common economic activities.
 WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
 is simply defined as the process of using
what you have (in the best way) to achieve
what you want.
 Management helps you to:
 reach your goals
 achieve what you want
 utilize your resources properly
 make your life more systematic
- ,

 avoid wastage of resources

 increase efficiency in work situations
 Steps in the Management Process
PLANNING

 thinking of all possibilities that members of

the family can accomplish to realize the set
- ,
goals. A simple way to plan is to make a list
of all the things that need to be done.
 Steps in the Management Process
ORGANIZING
the proper way of implementing activities and
using resources to achieve maximum efficiency
without
- , setbacks. Close coordination between

family members must be done and a definite

person in the family must supervise
 Steps in the Management Process
ORGANIZING

 Organizing means assembling resources and

fixing responsibilities to carry out a plan.
- ,
 Steps in the Management Process
IMPLEMENTING/CONTROLLING
 You make adjustments as the plan is being
carried out or implemented. You change or
- ,
control your activities so that your plan is not
a failure. This is also called flexibility.
 Steps in the Management Process
IMPLEMENTING/CONTROLLING
carrying out of the plans including the activities and
all the resources. This is called "from plan to action."
Direct- ,guidance and monitoring must be made to
avoid waste of energy and money. Controlling is
also known as putting a plan into action.
 Steps in the Management Process
IMPLEMENTING/CONTROLLING
 You make adjustments as the plan is being
carried out or implemented. You change or
- ,
control your activities so that your plan is not
a failure. This is also called flexibility.
 Steps in the Management Process
EVALUATING
 checking and assessing whether the planned
activities were carries out as planned.
- ,
 Steps in the Management Process
EVALUATING
 Evaluating, means checking the progress of
your plan and taking corrective measures if
- ,
needed.
 Steps in the Management Process
EVALUATING
 Evaluating, means checking the progress of
your plan and taking corrective measures if
- ,
needed.
- ,

END …
Duties and Responsibilities of a
Home Manager
 
Management – the art of managing.
Home – the place from which a person, thing,
etc. comes originally.
Why is Home Management Important?
            Other than cleaning your house, the idea of
managing your home is probably the furthest thing
from your mind right now. Home management
affects most home owners when something goes
wrong.
Why is Home Management Important?
    However, home management is also an essential element
of improving your home. However, when you want to improve
your home, home management will help you. Home
management is the process of preserving, protecting,
improving and maintaining your home. Although most of us
think of home management as maintenance, it is really the

process of making the most of your home.

 Preserving Your Home
            Preservation means making something last, or keeping it alive.
You perform home preservation every time you clean your home.
Painting adds beauty to your home, but also and preserves the
underlying materials. These are only a few of the things you do today to
preserve your home. Because homes are becoming more complex and
technically sophisticated, it can be difficult to know what and how to
preserve. Preservation also takes the form of beautification. Painting your
walls or exterior will define your home or interior living spaces. It also
protects your drywall
 Protecting Your Home
            Protection means defending or guarding against attack and
shielding from danger. There are a number of dangers your home
encounters every day. As a homeowner, you need to understand
threats to your home and have the ability to predict what the most
common threats are likely to be and thwart them.
 Enhancing Your Home
            Enhancing means raising something to a higher degree,
intensifying and magnifying. Enhancing your home is much the same.
Few homeowners want to live in the same home for a lifetime. By
improving and enhancing your home, you not only increase the
livability of your home, but also increase its value over time.
What is The Best Way to Manage Your Home?
            Homeowners wanting to manage their homes have two choices:
manual or automated. Manual management is the process of going it
alone. If you are knowledgeable about your home, its maintenance, this
strategy might work for you. An automated solution is clearly a better
choice in terms of costs and capabilities. In fact, an effective home
management solution is a home owner's most valuable asset.
 MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
“Concept “means an idea or theory.

 
            "Home" is usually referred as a place of achieving peace,
development and satisfaction for an individual, with its management
predominantly concerned with the quality of human relationship. As soon
as the family is established, all its members start thinking and working
together for common goals
 MANAGEMENT PROCESS
 What is Management Process?
Those processes which are performed by managers are called management processes. Managers
are commonly involved in planning, organizing, directing, motivating, controlling and decision-
making.

Decision making
- Decision making can be regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a course
of action among several alternative scenarios. Every decision making process produces a final
choice. The output can be an action or an opinion of choice.
- Decision making is an essential leadership skill. If you can learn how to make timely, well
considered decisions, then you can lead
 Importance of decision making in Home Management
            Making decisions for efficient home management can be very
difficult. It could mean being firm even if it hurts the feelings of a family
member, or even depriving a family member or some privileges for the
good of the rest.
 Decisions are often made regarding the following matters at
home:
Discipline
            When our parents set rules regarding curfew, watching
television on weekdays, or going out with friends, they expect us to
follow these rules. When we deliberately disregard the rules, our
parents have to impose sanctions. They may decide to limit our
privileges like prohibiting weekend meetings with your friends or
banning television for a certain period. Limits imposed by parents help
put a structure to our lives.
Prioritizing Expenses
 
            The family expenses for a given period are generally
classified into Needs and Wants. Needs are expense items that the
family members cannot do without. Needs include food, housing,
health maintenance, and education of the children.
Maximizing the use of available space.
            
When living space is limited, decisions have to be made on who will
share sleeping and storage areas. It is ideal for parents to consult their
children on this matter to arrive at an arrangement that is acceptable to
everyone.
Planning Meals.
            With a limited budget for family expenses, it is important to be
able to decide on what food to serve the family. Homemakers should be
guided by this basic rule: buy foods that are high in nutritive value but
are inexpensive
 Process of Decision Making
The Five-Step Decision Making Process
 
 Identifying/clarifying the decision to be made.
- If the decision has not yet been isolated, it should be identified as a first
step. Sometimes the decision to be made will have been presented to the
decision maker. In those situations, Step 1 calls for the clarification of what
the decision actually entails.

 Identifying possible decision options.

- The next step requires the decision maker to spell out, as clearly as
possible, just what the decision alternatives really are. For instance, if one
were attempting to buy a bicycle, do the decision options only consist of
the different types of bicycles, or is another option to refrain from buying a
bicycle altogether?
 Gathering/processing information.
 Next, the decision maker collects or processes information that can
help guide the decision. If such information is already at hand, then it
simply needs to be processed; that is, studied and understood by the
decision maker. If there is no relevant information available, or if there
is insufficient information, then such information must be collected so
it can be processed. The more significant the decision, the more
rigorous the information-gathering process.
 Making/implementing the decision.
 After the information has been considered according to its relevance
and significance, a decision based on that information should be made
and, thereafter, implemented.

 Evaluating the decision.

 In recognition of the fact that not all of one's decisions are likely to be
defensible, the final step in the five-step decision making process is to
determine whether the decision was appropriate. Ordinarily, this will be
done by ascertaining the decision's consequences.
 Different Types of Decision
            When deciding on the most suitable decision-making method, it
is important to consider that full participation is not required in every
occasion. You cannot expect in a group all decisions to be made by
the entire group. It would be an incredible waste of time! According to
the type of decision, a group might prefer different systems with more
or less people involved.
 Types of Decisions
 Strategic  – relating to the identification of long-term or overall aims
and interests and the means of achieving them
 Organizational – relating to the way different aspects and parts of a
group are arranged with the aim of being more orderly and efficient
 Operational – relating to the way a group or organization works on a
daily basis
 
 HOME MANAGER
What is a Home Manager?
                A person who is in charge of the place from which a person,
thing, etc. comes originally.
END…
Family Resources
FAMILY
- is the most important primary group
- “a group defined by a sex relationship sufficiently precise and
enduring to provide for the procreation and upbringing of
children”.
FAMILY
- According to Burgess and Locks “Family is a group of
persons united by the ties of marriage, blood or adoption;
constituting a single household, interacting and
intercommunicating with each other in their respective
social roles of husband and wife, mother and father, son
and daughter, brother and sister creating a common
culture”.
FAMILY
- The definition given by sumner and Keller is ‘Family is a
miniature social organization, including at least two
generations and is characteristically formed upon the blood
bond’. Family is also defined as ‘a socially recognized unit
of people related to each other by kinship, marital and legal
ties’.
What do we mean by
FAMILY RESOURCES?
 Types of Family Resources

1. Human Resources - Every able-bodied member of the family is

considered an important human resource. People who can
contribute their time, effort, skills, strength, and expertise is
considered part of the family’s human resource.
 Types of Family Resources

1. Human Resources - Every able-bodied member of the family is

considered an important human resource. People who can
contribute their time, effort, skills, strength, and expertise is
considered part of the family’s human resource.
Human Resources

 Capabilities, Intelligence, and Skills Every - person has his or her

unique ability and intelligence in a way that improves not only
himself or herself but also others. It is important to identify the
talents and skills that each person has and utilize them for the
common good.
Human Resources

 Strength/Energy - The strength of a person does not only mean

having good health and strong body. It also means having
emotional stability, mental alertness, and having reasonable
commitment and positive outlook in life, especially in work that
improves self and society. Strength is also needed to accomplish
tasks on time in order to play, entertain, and relax with the family
afterwards.
 Types of Family Resources
2. Material Resources – Tangible assets such as house and lot, furniture
and appliances, jewelry, automobiles, and cash are referred to as the
family’s material resources. Every family must invest wisely in material
resources, making sure that they consider quality, durability, and
appreciation value when choosing what to purchase. Real properties and
jewelry increase in value over time while the value of furniture,
appliances, and automobiles depreciate or go down as they get old and
worn out.
 Types of Family Resources

3. Non-material Resources – Time, health, and experience are

intangible resources but are also important. Without non-material
resources, family members will be unable to perform their duties
and responsibilities at home, in school, and at work.
Non-material Resources
 Time – Is very important - it is the resource that cultivates
cooperation, fulfillment of the prescribed duties, and smart
maintenance of homes. This is used to start and finish the work
without giving burden to the body or resentment to the person.
 Health – The health of family members is important. When
family members are in good health, they can do their duties
without delay.
Non-material Resources
 Experience – The more experience a family member has, the
more likely he or she will get hired and be paid a good amount
for his or her services. So, job or work experience is an
important non-material resource to have.
 Time /Energy management – There are some tasks that require
only little time and energy to accomplish. Take these things
into consideration when scheduling activities. Household
activities should be managed properly to lessen unnecessary
labor and help speed up work and reduce stress.
 Skills and interests of family members. Allow members of the
family to express their preferred task according to their
interests and skills. Rotation of tasks can be implemented on
a weekly or bimonthly basis.
 Consider the health, age, and abilities of each member.
 Assign tasks based on the availability of the members.
 Coordination among all the family members for the
improvement of family resources to ensure attainment of all
goals.
 Importance of Proper Time/Energy Management

 Promotes harmony and security.

 Allows more time for leisurely activities.
 Opens opportunities for constructive activities such as
organizing worthwhile projects.
 Tasks are completed according to schedule.
Family Resources

It is also the process that family can use to cope with difficult
situations

 Social resources - strong social support network which may

include spouse, children, parents, siblings, neighbors, co-
workers and others
 Cultural resources - cultural values which can influence an
individual or family's ability to care for the sick and cope with
stress e.g. optimism, familialism, approach vs avoidance style,
etc.
Family Resources

It is also the process that family can use to cope with difficult
situations

 Religious resources - spiritual beliefs, practices and support

services
 Economic resources - family's income and savings
Family Resources

It is also the process that family can use to cope with difficult
situations

 Educational resources - level of formal education attained by an

individual which allows him to understand the patient's
condition and give him appropriate care
 Medical resources - accessibility to medical facilities and
adequacy of help from healthcare providers
 These resources will be measured by the use of SCREEM-RES, a
newly developed family resources questionnaire developed by the
staff of the section of Supportive Palliative Hospice Medicine of the
University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital.
 Caregiver strain - physical, personal, emotional and financial
stress incurred by a caregiver as a result of, or in relation to,
his/her caregiving role/s. This will be measured by the Modified
Caregiver strain index
 Family function - measures the extent to which a family works as a
unit; it denotes the family's ability to cope and adjust to different
situations based on 5 components: adaptation, partnership,
growth, affection and resolve; the Filipino Family APGAR will be
used to measure this.
END
 Resource
MANAGEMENT
What is a Resource Management?
 is the process of pre-planning, scheduling, and allocating your
resources to maximize efficiency.
 A resource management is the efficient and effective development of
an organization's resources when they are needed.
 Such resources may include financial resources, inventory, human
skills, production resources, or IT.
 Nowadays, there is lots of educational technology resources
emerging as we can't avoid technology as a part of our everyday
routines and because it's very useful.
Educational resources

- are the resources which are freely accessible,

openly licensed text, media, books, videos,
games, news, and other digital assets which is
used for acquiring knowledge, teaching, sharing
your knowledge, learning as well as for research
purposes
Concept & Nature of Education Resources
- Education resources refer to all human, material, non- material,
audio-visual school environment and community materials
available in an academic environment to facilitate school
administration and simplify the teaching-learning process.
- Education resources include the teachers in the school, human
beings in the community, real objects, specimen or models, chalk
and display boards, school buildings and layout, the community at
large and other fundamental materials like pencils, pens, exercise
books etc which the learners are expected to have at any point in
time to facilitate learning (NOUN, 2009).
Need for Resource Management in Education:
- Resources may include financial resources, inventory, human
skills, production resources, or information technology (IT).
- Resource management is a key element to activity resource
estimating and project human resource management.
- Both are essential components of a comprehensive project
management plan to execute and monitor a project
successfully
Types of Educational Resources
Material/Physical Resources
- The physical resources include the structure, the machines, raw
materials, vehicles, and other tools, which can facilitate organizations
activities and processes. In educational system, the physical
resources would include the classrooms/lecture rooms, staff offices,
vehicles, health centers, library, laboratory, and etc.,
Material/Physical Resource
- Material/Physical Resource Management in School
 Preventive maintenance
 Routine maintenance
 Emergency Repairs
 Predictive Maintenance
Financial Resources
- Financial resources are the funds required for the smooth
operations of a school.
- In school administration, funds are necessary for the procurement
of facilities, equipment, electronics and communication gadget
needed for effective performance.
- Apart from this, funds are needed to pay the salaries of
administrative, academic and non- academic staff.
- Plan and policy implementation are responsive to funds availability.
- Financial Management in Schools
 Financial management covers such areas as the procurement of
funds, their allocation, monitoring their use in the interest of
accountability and producing financial reports for the relevant
stakeholders.
 Financial management is, therefore, an integral part of the
responsibility as an education manager because, without good
financial management practices, schools would find it difficult to
achieve their goals.
- Role of School Administrators in Financial Management:
 Allocate funds to various activities in accordance with the budget.
 Authorize the disbursement of school funds.
 Administer school funds both lawfully and morally.
 Determine a school budget in consultation with other stakeholders
such as heads of department, senior teachers.
 Ensure that the school has the funds it needs and that those funds
are used effectively and efficiently.
 
Time Resources:
- Time is a unique resource.
- Time is the most expensive of all resources due to its non-
recoverable nature.
- The use of time is one of the parameters to measure an effective
school administration.
- In a school system, time is managed through the use of a time table.
- Consequently, time management stands as an effective tool
necessary for the organizations effectiveness in realization of set out
objectives and goals (Ugwulashi, 2012).
 
Time Resources:
- Significance of Time Management in School Administration: and
Goals
 Setting Priorities
 General Life Improvement Reducing Stress and Negativity
 Productivity and Performance.
 Developing Employees
A. Human Resources
- ‘’All activities of any institution are initiated by the persons that make
up that institution’’. -Likert (1969)
- Human resource constitutes a vital vein of any institution.
- The human resource in the school system includes teachers, support
staff in the school, students, parents, community members and a
host of other interest and social groups.
A. Human Resources
- ‘Human resources is responsible for planning, organizing,
coordinating, controlling, manipulating and maintaining other forms
of resources, its administrative and forecasting ability placed it ahead
of other forms of resources.
A. Human Resources
- ‘Human resource management objectives
 Supply of staff at low cost
 Environment and develop the talents.
 Maintaining of competent personnel good and create of relations between
them.
 Providing material and spiritual needs of staff satisfaction that to be created
necessary alignment between their personal goals and objectives of the
organization
Human Resources
- Relevance of Human Resources Management (HRM) in School
Administration
 Recruitment and Training
 Performance Appraisals
 Maintaining Work Atmosphere
 Managing Disputes:
 Developing Public Relations
Relevance of ICT Resources in School Administration:
- The use of ICTs help improve the quality of education
- Sharing knowledge (iii) ICTs help prepare individuals for the
workplace:
- Access to remote learning resources
- Processing knowledge
Community Resources:
- Community resources are both human and non- human materials that
are within the geographical milieu of teachers and learners.
- The human community resources include teachers, learners,
curriculum developers, parents and other members of the society.
- Every community no matter how large of small holds cultural,
natural, human and technological resources that can be utilized by
the students and teachers.
Fundamental /Supporting Resources
- Fundamental resources may appear trivial, but their non
availability can wreck havoc in a school system.
- They include: calendars, journals, periodicals, reference books,
year planner, consumable items, cabinets, files, etc.
- All of these combine to influence effective performance of
administrators on daily basis.
- They include electricity, which generates power for most machines
and electronics, water, refrigerator, fans, cars, etc.
 Problems Associated with Resources Availability and Utilization in
School Administration
 Shortage of Fund
 Political Issues
 Misuse of the School Facilities
 Poor Management
 Ineffective school leadership
 Supply of substandard educational resources
 Inadequate facilities
 Low staff morale
 IDENTIFICATION OF RESOURCE
 In-service training and refreshing courses should be organized on
regular basis for school’s administrators and personnel in all the
institutions.
 Individual personnel in the school should develop a positive attitude
in the use of the physical facilities provided for the Schools.
 Government at various levels, educational administrators and
planners should mount special campaigns presumably through
special appeal or the use of the press to create awareness of the
importance and the need for proper utilization and maintenance of
school resources.
 CONCLUSION
 It is about life not just happening but happening in an orderly way. •
Humans are constantly seeking answers, making plans, and
pursuing goals that bring desired results.
 Each day presents new challenges, new questions about how life
should be and can be.
 The greatest future challenge for the field will be the continued
integration of management with other theories to address socially
relevant issues as life becomes more complex and diverse.
END…
FAMILY Resource
Management
 Family Resource management

Is a valuable and important means for accomplishing

the growth and development of every family member. It
involves various process of resource productions, its
usage, decision making etc.
 Family Resource management

The home maker or the person heading the family

functions as a producer, consumer and coordinator of
all resources in the family.
 Family Resource management

This process of management is geared towards

greatest returns in the form of health, satisfactions and
social usefulness to all members of the family.
 Family Resource management

Family Resource Management is the way of life and the

manager or the home maker has the responsibility of
coordinating the social, cultural, economic and
technical factors aiming to enrich the family existence
and development.
 VALUES
Are the key to all motivating factors in human behaviour. Value,
as a concept is vague and subjective although it is very important
to an individual.
The term value signifies the meaning or definition of worth that
is attached to any object, condition, principle, or idea.
- It is the believed capacity of something or somebody to satisfy a
human desire.
- It is attached with something important or significant.
- It is something that is considered as valuable.
GOAL
Goal is more specific than a value and hence can be easily defined
and understood. It is an objective or purpose to be attained and
towards the achievement of which the policies and procedures of the
programme are fashioned.
STANDARD
Are a set of measures of values, stemming from our value patterns,
determining the amount and kind of interest we have in something and
the satisfaction we receive from them. They serve as a measure or
criterion for the measurement of objects, ways of doing things and
ways of living as we make judgments.
RESOURCES
Are the assets that can be used to accomplish the desired goals of
an individual or a group or an institution. Resources are the means for
achieving goals or for meeting the demands placed upon the family by
certain events.
 
FAMILY
Is the most important primary group. Some of the important
definitions given by sociologists are given here.
Management and Its Environment
as A System
 The family itself can be recognized as having two subsystems-
psychosocial subsystem and managerial subsystem. Management in
family involves the interaction with various subsystems. These
subsystems are the three environments surrounding the family. They
are the household’s environment, near environment and the larger
environment.
Psycho-social subsystems – Is concerned with the expressive
functions of the family like integration or solidarity of the group,
internal relations of the family embers to each other, personality
development and socialization of the family members.

Managerial subsystem – Is related to the instrumental functions of

the family. These are concerned with goal achievement and the
transactions between the group and the environments. The
instrumental activities are termed as means to ends, and hence the
behavior is nothing but the managerial behavior.
 Family - The Managerial Unit

The family as a managerial unit interacts with other social groups

and/or the environment around it performing both expressive and
instrumental functions of the family. The attention of management by
families is centered on the totality of family living and common goals
of members and the alternative ways in which family members can be
organized and resources can be utilized to achieve the family goals.
 Family - The Managerial Unit

Most of the resources have alternative uses it is essential to view the

standpoint of the family as a whole while allocating the resources
rather than relating to one is individual member of the family.
Focusing on family as the managerial unit implies than the decisions
made are feasible for group. These should be democratic decision
making process where all family members are involved. It is an
effective means for committing family members to the family goals
and it provides an invaluable opportunity for every family member to
learn through participation.
 Family - The Managerial Unit

Family as a managerial unit in the systems approach to the home

management is justified on the basis of its reaction to the larger
system that is community in which it is housed /living. The family
members will get good appreciation, respect and certain status in the
community only when the family lives up to the communities’
standards of proper family life.
 Family - The Managerial Unit

Family resource management is only a means to an end and not an

end by itself. The psychosocial aspect of the family is also very
important and determine the ends chosen by the family. The
management in family is concerned with all members of the family
and is interwoven with the family and group relations.
 Family - The Managerial Unit

The family as a group should be the reference point and effective

management is possible with satisfactory relationships within the
group management is next to satisfactory relationship is the family
members. Home management makes significant contributions to the
family relationships by providing a favorable background for family
living. Another way of maintaining family relationships is through
sharing of the family values through the managerial activities. Hence
the family would make specific decisions concerning the use of
resources aimed at improving the family relationships.
 The Environment Surrounding The Family
The first one is the “household environment”, next is the “near
environment” and last is the “larger environment”. Each of smaller
environment are the subsystem of the next larger environment and
provide the ever enlarging setting in which the family manages. The
categorization of environments is based on the relationships and the
activities associated with them.
The transactions can be classified as
 Providing resources
 Motivating or demanding action
1. The household environment: (Micro Environment)
This is the most immediate and end intimate environment of the
family. The family has control over this environment and the family
values are easily reflected in this environment. The set of
relationships, goals and needs among its members in family are
important in this environment. The household environment provides
certain resources and generates forces which necessitate
management on the part of the family. The routine activities of the
members of the family are developed around the characteristics of the
household environment.
2. The Near environment

The relationship or the transactions between the household

environment and the near environment is somewhat fluid and varies
from family to family. This environment extends beyond the
household and bigger than the household environment. It requires
more adaptation and adjustment by the family members. This
environment includes the groups in business, educational, religious,
medical, political and recreational domains with which the family
members are interacting and associated regularly. Two families living
in the same area may belong to different religious or organizations or
work areas, which will have different types of lifestyles in the family.
3. The larger environment: (Larger Environment)
The larger environment extends from the near environment to as for
as the family interacts even occasionally. The area of larger
environment of a family depends again on many factors like educational
and socio economic status of family, culture and the proximity of
friends and relatives of the family members. Even though the family is
little aware of its larger environment, the environment may have a
significant and direct influences upon the family.
 Management and changes in environment
Families show remarkable resilience to the charges in the
environment. They respond in several ways.
 By adjusting temporarily to external forces such as natural
calamities like flood, earth quack etc and compels the family to
move elsewhere until it has time to plan for the future.
 By moving to more congenial surrounding for education of children
or to avoid social pressures due to some reasons etc.
 By recognizing the family system to cope with an unexpected
change in the environment.
 END
OF LESSON 1