Real time BUS

Tracking System

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 Introduction
• Unusual and unexpected conditions on the roads affect the smooth
operation of the bus system and the movement of vehicles.
• Also, everyday problems such as traffic congestion, unexpected
delays, randomness in passenger demand, irregular vehicle
dispatching times take place and as a result of which the schedule of
the passengers are affected and they inevitably have to wait for the
arrival of their respective bus.
• This passenger inconvenience can be avoided by introducing a system
which provides real-time information about the location of the buses.
• This project focuses on the implementation of a Real-Time bus
Tracking System (RTBTS), by installing GPS (Global Positioning
System)-module devices on college buses which will transmit the
current location on the GPS Receiver.
• The real-time bus tracking system is a standalone system designed to
display the real-time location(s) of the buses provided by the driver.
Components used
SNO Description QTY
1 Arduino UNO R3 2
2 12V / 3-Amp transformer 2
3 IOT Module ESP8266 2
4 Voltage regulator 7812 (12V) 2
5 Voltage regulator 1117 (3.3V) 2
6 GPS Module NEO6M 1
7 Diode 1N4007 8
8 16X2 LCD Display 1
9 Resistor 2.2K 1
10 Resistor 10K 2
11 Base board wooden 2
Block diagram
IOT Module Arduino
16X2 LCD Display ESP8266 UNO R3

Arduino IOT Module GPS

UNO R3 ESP8266 Module
Neo6M

Station Unit

Passenger Unit
BUS Unit
working
The workflow of this system proceeds as follows:
• First, the GPS module which is fixated in the bus starts sending data in the
form of latitude and longitude to the Arduino UNO R3.
• Arduino uno will give this data to IOT module ESP8266, it will send the
location to the passenger and BUS station.
• Bus station will display the location on the display.
• Passengers will have a application software (Mobile Telnet) in there phone.
• They can enter the bus number of which it seeks the location.
• This information will be send to a server, and server will get the bus location
from the BUS, and send to the passenger.
Application
 The system has much application at Railway
station, bus station, airport etc.
 The passenger will get real time alert.
It will escape the passenger of being late.
It is easy to implement and save time and money.
limitations
System needs internet network.
System work on electrical power.
It is working on GPS so clear weather is needed for
location.
Electronic components can malfunction.
Arduino UNO R3
ARUDINO IDE

• The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application

(for Windows, mac OS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java.

•It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the
help of 3rd party cores, other vendor development boards.

•The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License, version
2.

•The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code
structuring
Arduino UNO R3
EEPROM: 1 KB
Technical specifications
Clock Speed: 16 MHz
Microcontroller: Microchip ATmega328P [7]
Length: 68.6 mm
Operating Voltage: 5 Volts
Width: 53.4 mm
Input Voltage: 7 to 20 Volts
Weight: 25 g
Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 can provide PWM output)
Pins
UART: 1

I2C: 1

SPPI: 1

Analog Input Pins: 6

DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA

Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

SRAM: 2 KB
 GPS Module Neo6M
50 channels, GPS
Receiver Type
L1(1575.42Mhz)
Horizontal Position Accuracy 2.5m
Navigation Update Rate 1HZ (5Hz maximum)
Capture Time Cool start: 27sHot start: 1s
Navigation Sensitivity -161dBm
Communication Protocol NMEA, UBX Binary, RTCM
Serial Baud Rate 4800-230400 (default 9600)
Operating Temperature -40°C ~ 85°C
Operating Voltage 2.7V ~ 3.6V
Operating Current 45mA
TXD/RXD Impedance 510Ω
 How does GPS work?
• GPS receivers actually work by figuring out how far they are from
a number of satellites.
• They are pre-programmed to know where the GPS satellites are at
any given time.
• The satellites transmit information about their position and the
current time in the form of radio signals towards the Earth.
• These signals identify the satellites and tell the receiver where they
are located.
• The receiver then calculates how far away each satellite is by
figuring out how long it took for the signals to arrive.
• Once it has information on how far away at least three satellites are
and where they are in space, it can pinpoint your location on Earth.
• This process is known as Trilateration.
ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module
ESP8266 comes with capabilities of
 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n, supporting WPA/WPA2),

 general-purpose input/output (16 GPIO),

 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) serial communication protocol,

 analog-to-digital conversion (10-bit ADC)

 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) serial communication protocol,

 I²S (Inter-IC Sound) interfaces with DMA(Direct Memory Access) (sharing pins with GPIO),

 UART (on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only UART can be enabled on GPIO2), and

 pulse-width modulation (PWM).

ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module
•3V3: - 3.3 V Power Pin.

•GND: - Ground Pin.

•RST: - Active Low Reset Pin.

•EN: - Active High Enable Pin.

•TX: - Serial Transmit Pin of UART.

•RX: - Serial Receive Pin of UART.

•GPIO0 & GPIO2: - General Purpose I/O Pins. These pins decide what mode (boot or
normal) the module starts up in. It also decides whether the TX/RX pins are used for
Programming the module or for serial I/O purpose.
5V Power supply

Component List : Voltage regulator :

As we require a 5V we need LM7805 Voltage
1. Step down transformer Regulator IC.
2. Voltage regulator 7805 IC Rating :
•Input voltage range 7V- 35V
3. Capacitors •Current rating Ic = 1A
•Output voltage range   VMax=5.2V ,VMin=4.8V 
4. Diodes
Transformer
•Transformer :
•Selecting a suitable transformer is of great importance. The current rating and the
secondary voltage of the transformer is a crucial factor.
 The current rating of the transformer depends upon the current required for the
load to be driven.
 The input voltage to the 7805 IC should be at least 2V greater than the required
2V output, therefore it requires an input voltage at least close to 7V.
 So I chose a 6-0-6 transformer with current rating 500mA (Since 6*√2 = 8.4V).
•NOTE : Any transformer which supplies secondary peak voltage up to 35V can be
used but as the voltage increases size of the transformer and power dissipation
across regulator increases.
Voltage regulator 7805
• 7805 is a 5V fixed three
terminal positive voltage regulator IC.
• The IC has features such as safe operating area protection,
thermal shut down, internal current limiting which makes
the IC very rugged.
• Output currents up to 1A can be drawn from the IC provided
that there is a proper heat sink.
• A 9V transformer steps down the main voltage, 1A bridge
rectifies it and capacitor C1 filters it and 7805 regulates it to
produce a steady 5Volt DC.
• The circuit schematic is given below.
16X2 LCD Display
1.Ground
2.VCC (+3.3 to +5V)
3.Contrast adjustment (VO)
4.Register Select (RS). RS=0: Command, RS=1: Data
5.Read/Write (R/W). R/W=0: Write, R/W=1: Read (This pin is optional due to the fact that most of the time you will only want to write to
it and not read. Therefore, in general use, this pin will be permanently connected directly to ground.)
6.Clock (Enable). Falling edge triggered
7.Bit 0 (Not used in 4-bit operation)
8.Bit 1 (Not used in 4-bit operation)
9.Bit 2 (Not used in 4-bit operation)
10.Bit 3 (Not used in 4-bit operation)
11.Bit 4
12.Bit 5
13.Bit 6
14.Bit 7
15.Backlight Anode (+) (If applicable)
16.Backlight Cathode (-) (If applicable)
Thank You