Au

xili
Chapter Five:

ary
Vie
ws
Chapter
Five

[ a special orthographic view ]

Auxiliary views are very useful when you want to make certain
details clearer or you want to show the true shape of
surfaces which are not perpendicular or
parallel to the major planes.
In many objects there are surfaces that are inclined to one or
all of the three principal planes of projection.

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The projection of the object (as shown in fig. A. below) on any of the principal projection planes
will not give the actual size and shape descriptions of these inclined faces.

A True Length but

not a True shape
I

I On FPP On PPP
Surface I

fig. A.

On HPP
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I Foreshortened and distorted
(Not a true shape)

The true shape of such a surface is shown only when the line of sight is in a direction
perpendicular to the plane of projection.
For practical reasons, it is essential to know the true size and shape description of the surfaces for
accurate manufacturing of objects.

When it is desired to show the true size and shape of a non principal surface, the object should be
projected on a plane parallel to that surface.

This additional imaginary projection plane is known as auxiliary plane, and the resulting view
obtained is thus an auxiliary view.

auxiliary view
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y plane
aux iliar
Auxiliary projection is a kind of orthographic projection as viewed by an observer stationed
at infinite distance away from an object and looking towards the object perpendicular to
the inclined surface.

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The underlying basic principles of projecting principal orthographic views of an object are
also applied to auxiliary views.
The true shape and relationship of such inclined features are shown by appropriate auxiliary
views. Auxiliary views are aligned with the views from which they are projected.

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Hidden lines should be omitted in auxiliary view, unless

they are needed for clarity.
Purposes of Auxiliary Views
In general, auxiliary views are used for determining;

the true length and inclinations of a line,

the point view of a line and edge view of a plane,
the true shape and size of a plane (inclined or
oblique), Chapter
the distance between two skew lines, Five
the projections of solids,
the true shapes of sections of solids,
Curves of intersections, etc.
Reference Line (Folding or Hinge Line):

• It is the line of intersection between two mutually perpendicular projection planes.

• Such lines are used as base lines from which all measurements of distances of points
along the projectors are taken in relation to other projections.

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• It is represented by a phantom line (a line pattern formed by a series of one long dash Five
followed by two short dashes).
TYPES OF AUXILIARY VIEWS
There are two types of auxiliary views. These
are:

1. Primary auxiliary view &

Chapter
2.Secondary auxiliary view Five
 1. PRIMARY AUXILIARY VIEW
 Is projected on a plane that is perpendicular
to one of the principal planes of projection
and is inclined to the other two.

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 CONSTRUCTION OF AUXILIARY VIEWS
Example
6
7
1
2 10

8
5
3
9

4
 STEPS OF DRAWING
1. Decide to draw the angled face of
the block. Here, using the front view,
because an edge view is available.
2. Draw construction lines perpendicular to
the surface/ line. This line should go in a
direction, and far enough that leaves
enough space for the view.

No !
y
t Ne ss ar
ccee
s
t Ne sa ry
No !

Fig. S1
Fig. S2

3. Draw a folding line at an appropriate
distance. This will act as a reference
plane. Each of the construction lines should
be perpendicular to the folding line.
.… CONT.
4. Transfer distances from another view
(adjacent view). This view will typically
be the view adjoining the view that the
auxiliary is drawn from.

3
7
x

2,7
8

x
3,8

x x
7 8

y y

Fig. S4
Fig. S3 2 3
Step 5: Complete the view. Draw visible and hidden lines (if any) as seen from the direction of
projection lines.

3
7
x

2,7
8

x
3,8 Congratulations !

x x We get the True shape

7 8
and True Length
y y

Fig. S5
2. SECONDARY AUXILIARY VIEW
 For oblique surfaces, it is difficult to find the true
shape and size of a surface. Hence it is a must to
further project the primary auxiliary view. This
projection is called Secondary auxiliary view.

 A secondary auxiliary view is projected from a

primary auxiliary view and on a plane inclined to
all three principal projection planes.
.…CONT.
PARTIAL AND COMPLETE AUXILIARY VIEW
Auxiliary views may either show the “Full” image of the part…. Or a "Partial” view of
only the surface we wish to view.

o When only the details for the inclined surface are projected and
drawn in the auxiliary view, the view is called a partial auxiliary
view.
o A partial auxiliary view saves time and produces a drawing that is
much more readable.

 When the “Full” image of the part are projected and drawn in
the auxiliary view, the view is called a complete auxiliary view.
 The full auxiliary view is harder to draw, read, and visualize.
 .…CONT.

o In auxiliary views, it is normal practice not to project hidden

features or other features that are not part of the inclined
surface.
.…CONT.
.…CONT.
.…CONT.
CONSTRUCTION OF AUXILIARY VIEWS
Step 1: Draw the necessary views, one of which must show the inclined surface as an edge.

a’ a’’
A

d’ d’’
D a

You see that Line AD in the TOP view(ad) is parallel to HPP. It is also parallel to FPP in the
FRONT view. Therefore, it will show its true length in the SIDE view.
Step 2: Light draw a reference line (AB) parallel to the edge of the inclined plane

Reference line

B
Step 3: Light draw a reference line (CD) and line (EF) between the principal(necessary)
views. Use AB and CD to locate points in the auxiliary view.

A
E

C D