Linear IC Applications

Introduction
 Discrete Electronic Circuit
Integrated Circuit (IC)

 Definition :
“Integrated Circuit” or IC is miniature low cost
electronic circuit consists of Active and Passive
components that are irreparably joined together on a
single crystal chip of silicon.
 Physical Electronic components
Vs
Electronic components in side IC

 Physical Electronic Components Electronic components in side IC

De-Capped IC
De-Capped IC
Silicon Chip with fabricated Electronic Circuit
Applications of an Integrated Circuit

 Communication

 Industrial Control

 Instrumentation

 Computer

 Electronics
Advantages IC ‘s over Discrete Circuits
 Small size and hence increased equipment density

 Low cost due to batch processing

 Increased system reliability due to elimination of solder joints

 Low supply voltages

 Low power consumption

 Matched devices

 Fast speed due to absence of parasitic capacitance effect

 Classification
Classification based on Applications Classification based on Fabrication technology

 Digital ICs Integrated circuits

 Linear ICs
Monolithic circuits Hybrid circuits

Bipolar Uni polar

p-n junction Dielectric JFET

isolation MOSFET
isolation
 Classification based on equipment density

SSI MSI LSI VLSI ULSI

< 100 active 100-1000 1000-20000 20000 -1Mega 106 -107 active
devices active devices active devices active devices devices

Integrated BJT’s and MOSFETS MOSFETS MOSFETS

resistors, Enhanced
diodes & MOSFETS
BJT’s
Logic gates Counters, 8bit- 16bit, 32bit Pentium
and multiplexers Microprocessors Microprocesso Microprocesso
flip-flops and RAM , ROM rs rs
Adders
IC Package types

Metal can Package

Dual-in-line

Flat Pack
Selection of IC Package

Type Criteria
1. Heat dissipation is important
Metal can 2. For high power applications like power
package amplifiers, voltage regulators etc.

1. For experimental or bread boarding

purposes as easy to mount.
DIP 2. If bending or soldering of the leads is
not required
3. Suitable for printed circuit boards as
lead spacing is more
Flat pack 1. More reliability is required
2. Light in weight
3. Suited for airborne applications
 Temperature Ranges

1. Military temperature range : -55o C to +125o C (-55o C to +85o C)

2. Industrial temperature range: -20o C to +85o C (-40o C to +85o C )

3. Commercial temperature range: 0o C to +70o C (0o C to +75o C )

 IC 741
Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)
 An “Operational amplifier” is a direct coupled high-gain
amplifier usually consisting of one or more differential
amplifiers and usually followed by a level translator and output
stage.

 The operational amplifier is a versatile device that can be used

to amplify dc as well as ac input signals and was originally
designed for computing such mathematical functions as
addition, subtraction, multiplication and integration.
Op-Amp Circuit Symbol
IC 741 Pin Diagram
IC 741 Manufacturers
Ideal Operational Amplifier

 Open loop gain AOL = ∞

 Input Resistance Ri = ∞
 Output resistance Ro = 0
 Bandwidth = ∞
 Zero offset voltage , ie Vo=0, when v1=v2=0
 CMRR =∞
Block diagram of Op-Amp
Block diagram Cont….
Differential Amplifier