SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

Contents:
 Introduction
 Construction

 Working principle
 Comparison of rotor
 References

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Synchronous Generator

 Introduction

Alternators (or) Synchronous generators  A Machine generating AC

e.m.f
Synchronous motors  A machine accepting i/p from AC supply to
produce mechanical output
Synchronous Speed:
Alternators has to be rotated at a particular speed to keep the frequency
of the generated e.m.f constant at required value
Ns = 120f / P
Ns  Synchronous speed
f frequency
P  No. of poles

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Synchronous Generator

 CONSTRUCTION
STATOR

 Stationary Armature winding

 Stator core use a laminated construction  Special steel stamping
and insulated from each other with varnish or paper  Reduce the
eddy current loss
 Steel material  Reduce hysteresis loss
Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Synchronous Generator
 CONSTRUCTION
ROTOR

SALIENT POLE TYPE:

 Projected pole type as all the

poles are projected out from
the surface of the rotor.
 Rotor have large diameter and
small axial length

 Mechanical strength is less

 So it is preferred for low speed alternator (125 rpm to 500 rpm)
 Application: Water turbine , I.C engines

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Synchronous Generator

 CONSTRUCTION
ROTOR

SMOOTH CYLINDRICAL OR NON-SALIENT POLE :

 Smooth solid steel cylinder,

having no. of slots to
accommodate field coils.
 Rotor have small diameter and
large axial length

 Mechanical very strength

 So it is preferred for high speed alternator (turbo alternators) (1500
rpm to 3000 rpm)
 Application: Steam turbine , Electric motor
Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Synchronous Generator
 OPERATION
TWO POLE ALTERNATOR:

 Principle: Faradays law of EMI  When there is a relative motion

b/w the conductors and the flux, emf gets induced in the conductor.

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Synchronous Generator

 OPERATION
FOUR POLE ALTERNATOR:

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Synchronous Generator

The rotor winding is energized from the d.c. exciter and
alternate N and S poles are developed on the rotor.
When the three phase supply is given to the stator, the stator
or armature conductors experience the force due to
electromagnetic induction.
Then the rotor starts to rotate. The speed of the motor is
given by;

N = 120f / P
Where N = speed of rotor in r.p.m. ,
P = number of rotor poles.
Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Synchronous Generator
 The use of salient pole and round rotor
synchronous machines

Salient Pole Rotor Cylindrical Rotor

1. Used for low speed 1. Used for high - speed turbo
alternators alternators
2. Which is used in Hydro 2Which is used in Thermal
power plants . power plants

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Synchronous Generator

REFERENCES
S.No Book s / Web Sources

A.E. Fitzgerald, Charles Kingsley, Stephen. D. Umans, ‘Electric Machinery’, Tata Mc Graw Hill publishing
1
Company Ltd, 2003.

2 D.P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath, ‘Electric Machines’, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, 2002.

3 P.S. Bhimbhra, ‘Electrical Machinery’, Khanna Publishers, 2003.

4 M.N.Bandyopadhyay, Electrical Machines Theory and Practice, PHI Learning PVT LTD., New Delhi, 2009.

5 K. Murugesh Kumar, ‘Electric Machines’, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, 2002.
Syed A. Nasar, Electric Machines and Power Systems: Volume I, Mcgraw -Hill College; International ed Edition,
6
January 1995.

7 J. Ganavadivel, ‘Electrical Machines II’, Anuradha publications, Fourth edition, 2015.

8 U.A.Bakshi &M.V.Bakshi, ”Electrical Machines II,” Technical Publications, Second revised edition, 2016.

9 Google and Wikipedia

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Synchronous Generator