Two Reaction Theory and Slip test

Contents:
 Two reaction theory
 Phasor diagram
 Slip test
 Important cautions for slip test
 References

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Two reaction Theory & Slip Test
 Two Reaction Theory

Introduction
Salient-pole generators, such as hydroelectric generators,
have armature inductances that are a function of rotor position,
making analysis one step more complicated.
The key to analysis of such machines is to separate mmf and
flux into two orthogonal components. The two components are
aligned with the direct axis and the quadrature axis of the
machine.
The direct axis is aligned with the field winding, while the
quadrature axis leads the direct by 90°.
Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Two reaction Theory & Slip Test
 Two Reaction Theory

According to this theory the armature m.m.f can be divided

into two components as,

Component acting along the pole axis called direct

(Magnetizing/ demagnetizing) axis (d-axis: The R offered to
m.m.f wave is lowest when it is aligned wit field pole axis).
Component acting at right angle to the pole axis called
quadrature (cross magnetizing) axis (q axis: The R offered is
highest when the mmf wave oriented at 900 to the field pole
axis).
Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Two reaction Theory & Slip Test
 Phasor Diagram

Xsd = Xad + Xl
Xqd = Xad + Xl

V = Eo – IRa – IdXsd - IdXsq

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Two reaction Theory & Slip Test
 Slip Test: Measurement of Xd and Xq

The d-axis and q-axis reactance can be measured by slip test.

When the peak of the armature m.m.f is in line with the field pole,
the reluctance offered by the magnitude circuit is minimum. The
ratio of armature terminal voltage per phase to armature phase
current gives Xd.

After one quarter of slip cycle, the peak of armature m.m.f is in

line with q-axis and the reluctance offered by the magnetic circuit is
maximum. The ratio of armature terminal voltage per phase to
armature phase current gives Xq.
Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Two reaction Theory & Slip Test
 Slip Test: Measurement of Xd and Xq

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Two reaction Theory & Slip Test
 Important cautions for slip test

1) Slip should be extremely low during experimentation. In case of

high slip (more than about 5%) following effects may be
observed:-
(a) Current induced in the damper winding of alternator will
produce an appreciable error.
(b) Induced voltage in the open circuit field may r
each dangerous values.
2) It should be assured that the induced voltage in
the open circuit is less than the rating of
the voltmeter connected in the circuit.
Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Two reaction Theory & Slip Test
 References :
S.No Book s / Web Sources

A.E. Fitzgerald, Charles Kingsley, Stephen. D. Umans, ‘Electric Machinery’, Tata Mc Graw Hill publishing
1
Company Ltd, 2003.

2 D.P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath, ‘Electric Machines’, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, 2002.

3 P.S. Bhimbhra, ‘Electrical Machinery’, Khanna Publishers, 2003.

4 M.N.Bandyopadhyay, Electrical Machines Theory and Practice, PHI Learning PVT LTD., New Delhi, 2009.

5 K. Murugesh Kumar, ‘Electric Machines’, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, 2002.
Syed A. Nasar, Electric Machines and Power Systems: Volume I, Mcgraw -Hill College; International ed Edition,
6
January 1995.

7 J. Ganavadivel, ‘Electrical Machines II’, Anuradha publications, Fourth edition, 2015.

8 U.A.Bakshi &M.V.Bakshi, ”Electrical Machines II,” Technical Publications, Second revised edition, 2016.

9 Google and Wikipedia

Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology Two reaction Theory & Slip Test