Nutrition

Exclusive breast feeding

World Health Organization:
“Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is
the optimal way of feeding infants.
Thereafter infants should receive
complementary foods with continued
breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or
beyond. “
 Exclusive breast feeding

American Academy of Pediatrics

“Exclusive breastfeeding is ideal…for
approximately the first 6 months after
birth. It is recommended that
breastfeeding continue for at least 12
months, and thereafter for as long as
mutually desired.”
Specialized Formulas
 Designed for infants with:
 Malabsorption
 Maldigestion
 Short bowel syndrome
 Chylothorax
 Milk-protein allergy
PREGESTIMIL
 Protein and/or fat malabsorption
 Short Bowel Syndrome
 Hydrolyzed casein
 55% of fat source is MCT
 easy to digest
PORTAGEN
 Used in babies who have developed
chylothorax or have chylous ascites
 Specifically for fat malabsorption - high
amount of MCT oil (86%)
 Used short term (~6 weeks)
 risk of essential fatty acid deficiency
 NUTRAMIGEN
 Indicated for babies with
confirmed allergy to cow’s milk or
soy protein having moderate-
severe reactions
 rash
 bloody stools
 Indicated for infants with
galactosemia
 Contains long chain fatty acids
 NEOCATE
 Indicated for infants with
malabsorption and severe food
allergies
 Semi-elemental
 Contains free amino acids
 Long chain fatty acids (5%
MCT)
Nutrition -continued

Sudqi Hamadah
 Can be introduced after 6 months
 Introduce one new food at the time.
 At least 1 week interval between new foods
 No evidence to support introducing food in a
particular order
 Fruit juice should not be introduced to infants
younger than 6 months of age
 Intake should be limited to 4-8oz/day
 Intake of more than 250 cc of juice per day
can lead to diarrhea (high fructose and
sorbitol content of fruit juice)
Overweight
 Children:
 – At-Risk-for-Overweight: BMI > 85th
percentile
 – Overweight: BMI > 95th percentile
 Adults:
 – Overweight: BMI > 25
 – Obese: BMI > 30
 Breastfeeding and Overweight

 “…Although the effect of breastfeeding may not be

large, its role in preventing childhood overweight
could still be of significance given the epidemic of
childover weight currently facing the U.S.…” (Dewey
2003)

 • “…the inverse association between breastfeeding

and obesity suggests a role for breast-feeding in the
reduction of obesity prevalence later in life…” (Arnez
et al., 2004)

 • “…consistent evidence of a relationship between

breastfeeding and reduced risk of obesity…” (Owen
etal., 2005)
Breastfeeding and Overweight
 Breastfeeding associated with:
 – Higher Socioeconomic Status
 – Higher Parent Education
 – Higher Social Support
 – Lower Maternal Overweight
 – Higher Family Income
 – Less Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy