Site Works & Temporary Facilities

CT311/L
 Site Analysis
Prior to purchasing a building site, it is essential to
conduct a thorough survey to ascertain whether the
site characteristics suit the development concept.
 Site Investigations
- Is to collect
systematically and
record all the necessary
data which will be
needed or will help in
the design and
construction processes
of the proposed work.
Procedures for Site Investigation
1. Desk Study – collection of known data
2. Field Study – intrusive visual and
physical activity
3. Laboratory Analysis
 Desk Study
• Ordnance survey map
• Geological Maps
• Site history
• Previous planning applications/approvals
• Current planning applications in the area
 Desk Study
• Development restrictions – conservation orders.
• Utilities – location of services on and near the site
• Aerial photographs
• Ecology factors
• Local knowledge – anecdotal information/rights of
way
• Proximity of local land-fill sites
 Field Study
• Establish site characteristics from the desk study
• Assess potential hazards to health and safety
• Appraise surface conditions - Trees
-- Water table and
Topography
• Appraise ground conditions - Flood potential
geomorphological mapping
- Soil Types
- Contamination
- Engineering risk
- Financial risk
 Field Study
• Take subsoil samples and conduct in-situ tests.
• Consider the need for subsoil exploration, trial pits
and boreholes. - Potential for
• Appraise existing structures reuse/refurbishment
- Archaeological
value/preservation orders.
- Demolition
Trial Pits & Bore Holes
• To obtain subsoil samples for
identification, classification and
ascertaining the subsoil’s characteristics
and properties.
Soil Investigation
• Specifically related to the subsoil beneath the site under
investigation.
• Used to:
– Determine the suitability of the site for the proposed
project.
– Determine an adequate and economic foundation
design
– Determine the difficulties which may arise during the
construction process and period.
– Determine the occurence and/or cause of all changes in
subsoil conditions.
Soil Samples
• Disturbed Soil Samples – obtained from
boreholes and trial pits. The method of
extraction disturbs the natural structure
of the subsoil but such samples are
suitable for visual grading, establishing
moisture content and some laboratory
tests.
Soil Samples
• Undisturbed Soil Sample - There are soil
samples obtained from using coring
tools which preserve the natural
structure and properties of the subsoil.
Depth of Soil Investigation
1. Proposed foundation type
2. Pressure bulb of proposed foundation
3. Relationship of proposed foundation
to other foundations.
Foundation Type
General Guide for the most suitable
method of investigation depth:
• Foundations up to 3.m deep – trial pits
• Foundations up to 30m deep – borings
• Foundations over 30m deep – deep
borings and in-situ examination from
tunnels and/or pits.
 SITE LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
• General Considerations
• Access Considerations
• Storage Considerations
• Accommodation Considerations
• Temporary Services Considerations
• Plant Considerations
• Fencing and Hoarding Considerations
• Safety and Health Considerations
 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
This involves conducting a thorough site
investigation at the pre-tender stage and examining in
detail the drawings, specifications and Bill of Quantities
to formulate proposals of how the contract will be
carried out is the tender is successful.
 ACCESS CONSIDERATIONS
Routes to and from the
site must be checked as to
the suitability for
transporting all the
requirements for the
proposed works.
 STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS
Allocation of adequate areas for storing materials
and allocating adequate working space around storage
areas. Siting of storage areas to reduce double handling
to a minimum without impeding the general site
circulation and/or works in progress.
 ACCOMODATION CONSIDERATIONS
The number and type of site staff must be
anticipated. Select siting for offices to give easy access
for visitors but at the same time giving a reasonable
view of the site. Select siting for mess room and toilets
to reduce walking time to a minimum without impeding
the general site circulation and/or works in progress.
 TEMPORARY SERVICES CONSIDERATIONS
What, when and where are they required?
Possibility of having permanent services installed at an
early stage and making temporary connections for site
use during the construction period. Coordination with
the various services undertakings is essential.
 PLANT CONSIDERATIONS
What plant, when and where is it required? Static or
mobile plant? If static, select the most appropriate
position and provide any necessary hardstanding.
 FENCING AND HOARDING
What it mandatory and what is desirable? Local
vandalism record, type or types of fence and/or
hoarding required, possibility of using fence which is
part of the contract by erecting this at an early stage in
the contract.
 SAFETY AND HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS
Check to ensure that outcome of the previous
considerations comply with the minimum requiremnts
set out in the various construction regulations and in
the health and safety at work.