Anatomy and Physiology

of the Kidneys
Reported by
Ermitanio, Justine Raven A.
Singh, Ma. Joan T.
The Urinary System
 Blood flows
through the
Substances kidneys Urine is
from the eliminated
blood are through the
removed Urethra

Kidneys Urine is stored

form urine Urine flow through in the Urinary
Urine contains
the Ureters on its Bladder
>excess water and ions
>metabolic wastes (urea) way to the Urinary
>toxic substances Bladder
 Functions of the Kidneys
1. Excretion
2. Regulation of Blood volume and Pressure
3. Regulation of the Concentration of solutes in
the blood (glucose, Na, Cl, K, Ca, HCO3,
HPO4)
4. Regulation of extracellular fluid pH
5. Regulation of RBC synthesis (secrete a
hormone called “erythropoietin”)
6. Regulation of Vit D synthesis
Anatomy of the Kidneys
 Anatomy of the Kidneys
Renal Cortex - outermost layer

Renal Medulla – masses of tissue that secrete urine into

tiny sac like tubules

C & M surround the

Renal Sinus – space containing the renal pelvis, calyces,

blood vessels, adipose tissue, and other connective tissues

Inside the Medulla,

Renal Pyramids – have part of the nephron
Renal Papilla – the tip of the point of the pyramid
Calyxes - surrounding the tip of the renal pyramids, and
connect to the renal pelvis
Renal Pelvis > Ureter > Bladder > Urethra

In bet. The Renal Pyramids are Renal Columns

Renal Columns – where the RA and RV branch of into the
renal capillaries and arterioles

Hilum – where the renal artery and nerves enter, and where
the renal vein, ureter, and lymphatic vessels exit the kidney
The Nephron
 Functional unit of the Kidney
 Approximately 1.3M in each kidney
 Consists of Renal Corpuscle, a Proximal Convoluted Tubule, a
Loop of Henle, and a Distal Convoluted Tubule